The World Trade Organization Essay -- essays research papers

World Trade Organization (WTO) Â Â Â Â Â The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the main worldwide global association managing the principles of exchange between countries. The objective is to help makers of merchandise and ventures, exporters, and merchants lead their business. The World Trade Organization appeared in 1995. One of the most youthful of the universal associations, the WTO is the replacement to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) built up in the wake of the Second World War. The World Trade Organization exists to guarantee that exchange between countries streams as easily, typically and unreservedly as could reasonably be expected. It gives and directs the legitimate issues which administers world exchange now . Â Â Â Â Â The authoritative reports of the WTO investigate this thought and the individual commitments of part nations. Shoppers and makers realize that they can appreciate safe supplies and more noteworthy decision of the completed items, segments, crude materials and administrations that they use. Makers and exporters realize that remote markets will stay open to them. The outcome is additionally a progressively prosperous, tranquil and responsible financial world. Exchange erosion is set into the WTO's settlement procedure where the attention is on deciphering understandings and duties, and how to ensure that nations' exchange strategies work together. At that point, the possibility of issues overflowing into political or military circumstances is diminished. By bringing down exchange boundaries, the ...

Marxism theory of the State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marxism hypothesis of the State - Essay Example For example, Marxism has various effects contrasted with pluralism and elitism. Be that as it may, Marxism is as yet the favored hypothesis for administration in nations like Russia and China. Supporters of Marxism in Russia contend that it makes balance in the general public contrasted with pluralism and elitism1. Marxists advocate for the foundation of political and lawful structures that make a tactless society. Karl Marx and Engels conceived the hypothesis in the wake of leading a few investigations on the elements that shape the general public. The two thinkers detailed the hypothesis when governments were battling with political, social and financial structures in the general public. The hypothesis was an option in contrast to administration that was bombing in the general public. Marx suggested the hypothesis since it gave answers for difficulties that confronted pluralism, elitism and feudalism. In light of starting writing audit forms, apparently Marxism is the most persuadi ng hypothesis for administration. Marxism political framework Marxism is a hypothesis that places the general public into classes dependent on their financial abilities. As indicated by the hypothesis, everybody in the general public has a basic task to carry out in improving steadiness of the state2. The hypothesis is against authoritarian guideline when the state has self-governance in controlling the social political and monetary parts of peoples’ life. Marx contends that inconvenience of the majority has the chance of destabilizing the general public. Accordingly, Marx proposes that measures ought to be instituted to upgrade understanding in the midst of various classes of the general public. In Marxism, the classes depend on the individual’s access to the methods for creation. Individuals who have the ability to control the variables of creation are at the highest point of the class. The subsequent gathering is the white collar class distinguished as the individua ls who control the variables of creation, however need adequate control as the high society. The last gathering is the lower classes who participate in the creation however they get less advantages from the procedure. Authority serves at the command of the class that possesses riches in an arranged society. As indicated by the hypothesis, precariousness in the general public outcomes from class battle. This implies there can never be harmony up to a specific gathering of individuals is disappointed with the organization. A need emerges for individuals in power to define measures for making a parity in the public arena to keep clashes from arising3. As indicated by Marx, a move in power is probably going to happen at whatever point a specific class feels that the specialists don't speak to their inclinations. Marxist methodology permits people to assume responsibility for the variables of creation in the society4. The hypothesis improves solidness in the general public since it urges people to deliver riches that can be utilized by the network. As indicated by Marx and Engels, the hypothesis makes it simple for the decision class to keep up soundness in the general public by controlling any type of distress among the classes in the general public. As indicated by hypothesis, a State is the position that assumes responsibility for different classes. The State is answerable for controlling the components of creation. Governmental issues assume a critical job in impacting monetary exercises of the classes. Strangely, the decision class establishes the minority in the masses in a few occurrences. Nonetheless, the decision class is powerful founded on their financial ability. The decision class flourishes at the obliviousness of the white collar class who contain the heft of the populace yet they come up short on the ability to control the State. Invigorated their numerical, they can oust the administration freely yet they are ineffective on the grounds that

Visa para recibir tratamiento médico en Estados Unidos

Visa para recibir tratamiento mã ©dico en Estados Unidos Las personas extranjeras que residen habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos y que desean ingresar al paã ­s para recibir tratamiento mã ©dicoâ debenâ hacerlo con estatus de turista. Es decir, no roughage una visa mã ©dica o una visa humanitaria. En este artã ­culo se informa sobre las diferentes opciones para ingresar como turista en los Estados Unidos y los problemas que pueden surgir tanto a la hora de solicitar una visa como cuando ya se tiene y se debe evitar situaciones que lair lugar a su cancelaciã ³n,  incluidos los casos especã ­ficos de tener un bebã © en Estados Unidos cuando la mam tiene estatus migratorio de turista. Ingresar como turista en Estados Unidos para recibir tratamiento mã ©dico Las siguientes opciones no aplican a los ciudadanos canadienses, para quienes estn previstas otras  reglas. Para el resto de extranjeros estas child las opciones para ingresar como turista a los Estados Unidos: La primera opciã ³n y que va an aplicar a la mayorã ­a de los extranjeros, es sacar la visa de turista.â tambiã ©n conocida como visa B2,  de paseo o placer. En casos de urgencia para recibir el tratamiento mã ©dico, roughage un protocolo previsto en los consulados para resolver estas anxieties cuanto risks. Es muy comã ºn que cuando se ingresa con esta visa se reciba autorizaciã ³n para permanecer en los Estados Unidos 180 dã ­as, pero no siempre es asã ­. Por ello es importante verificar la fecha fijada en el I-94, conocido tambiã ©n como registro de ingreso y de salida. Nunca fiarse por la fecha de expiraciã ³n del visado, que realmente significa otra cosa. Si una vez que se est en el medical clinic la estancia necesita alargarse, puede pedirse una extensiã ³n. Los hospitales generalmente ayudan con este trmite. Si por razones de causa city hall leader no se saliã ³ de Estados Unidos a tiempo ni se pidiã ³ la extensiã ³n, podrã ­a en algunos casos pedirse la restauraciã ³n de estatus. Una segunda posibilidad sã ³lo posible para mexicanos o residentes permanentes en Mã ©xico que viven a lo largo de la frontera con Estados Unidos es ingresar con una visa lser, tambiã ©n conocida como tarjeta de cruce. En estos casos el lugar donde se puede recibir el tratamiento est limitado an un nã ºmero de millas a contar desde la lã ­nea fronteriza y tambiã ©n est restringido el nã ºmero de dã ­as que se puede permanecer en Estados Unidos. Y finalmente, una tercera posibilidad es entrar como turista sin visa, por un mximo no extensible de 90 dã ­as. Para ello es necesario ser ciudadano de uno de la treintena de paã ­ses que pertenecen al Programa de Exenciã ³n de Visas (VWP, por sus siglas en inglã ©s). Pero feed que tener muy claro que la estancia no se puede alargar, bajo ninguna circunstancia, ms de tres meses a contar desde el dã ­a de entrada an EEUU. Si se llega por aviã ³n feed que solicitar previamente una autorizaciã ³n para volar, que se conoce como ESTA. En estos momentos esta opciã ³n solo aplica a chilenos, espaã ±oles y tambiã ©n an algunas personas con doble nacionalidad y que por esa circunstancia uno de sus pasaportes es de un paã ­s incluido en el VWP. Problemas para ingresar an Estados Unidos como turista para recibir tratamiento mã ©dico En el caso de viajar sin visa por el programa que dispensa a los ciudadanos de 38 paã ­ses de este requisito los problemas pueden surgir de 2 formas. En preliminary lugar si un oficial de migraciã ³n en un puerto de entrada considera que no se tienen ingresos suficientes para recibir el tratamiento y existe un riesgo de que esa persona se convierta en una carga pà ºblica. En este caso se puede negar la entrada an Estados Unidos por ser inadmisible. El segundo problema puede surgir si los 90 dã ­as no child suficientes para completar el tratamiento mã ©dico y es que bajo ninguna circunstancia se puede sacar una visa en Estados Unidos o extender esa estancia de 3 meses. Por esta razã ³n se debe solicitar una visa de turista si el tratamiento va a durar ms tiempo, ya que debe evitarse quedar ms tiempo del permitido debido a sus graves consecuencias. En el caso de tener que solicitar una visa de turista los problemas pueden surgir ya al solicitarla. Es necesario ser considerado elegible para el visado y tambiã ©n admisible para ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Respecto an esto à ºltimo, es importante poder demostrar ingresos o recursos para costear el tratamiento. Roughage que evitar crear la sospecha de que se va a ser una carga econã ³mica para el gobierno de los Estados Unidos si la visa es aprobada.  Por lo tanto, estar en condiciã ³n de acreditar uno o varios de los siguientes medios de pago: Seguro mà ©dicoIngresos o patrimonio propio o familiarDinero aportado por el gobierno del paã ­s al que uno pertenece, una ONG nacional o extranjera, and so on. Ni las oficinas consulares de los Estados Unidos estn autorizadas a conceder visas para recibir tratamiento mã ©dico a personas que no pueden sufragar gastos mã ©dicos ni los hospitales van ha admitir ingresos sinâ asegurarse el pago. Una vez que se tiene la visa de turista, à ©sta puede ser cancelada o revocada por muchas causas. Pero la ms comã ºn es quedarse ms tiempo del permitido.  Asimismo, puede haber problemas por ingresar con demasiada frecuencia. Para evitarlo, llevar siempre prueba que acredite el tratamiento mã ©dico y el pago de facturas. El caso comã ºn de ingresarâ a Estados Unidos a tener un hijo Todos los dã ­as entran an EEUU decenas de mujeres extranjeras en las à ºltimas fases de sus embarazos para dar a luz, o como dicen en algunos paã ­ses, an aliviarse. Es una prctica comã ºn y lawful que brinda un gran beneficio: la ciudadanã ­a estadounidense para el bebã © que nace en Estados Unidos. Pero roughage que tener en cuenta ciertas circunstancias, para evitar problemas con el gobierno.â De interã ©s para los pacientes de cncer y sus familiares Las estadã ­sticas muestran que uno de los tratamientos que ms reciben en Estados Unidos los pacientes extranjeros tiene que ver con el cncer. Estos child los topâ 10 hospitalesâ para tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Muchos de ellos tienen un departamento dedicado an ayudar a los pacientes internacionales en sus gestiones y un servicio que habla espaã ±ol. Este es un artã ­culo informativo. No es asesorã ­a lawful.

Amy Tan, Two Kinds Essay Example for Free

Amy Tan, Two Kinds Essay This storys headliners occur in Chinatown all through the 1950s and maybe mid 1960s. The primary character of the story, who is additionally the hero, is simply the creator: Amy Tan. The rival happens to be her own mom, who is continually pushing Amy to find some concealed ability and be somebody else. There are a couple of other minor characters in the story. There is Lindo Jong (who she calls Auntie Lindo), who is a dear companion of Amys mother. Waverly Jong is Auntie Lindos little girl, who is near Amys age. Amys piano educator, who she calls Old Chong, assumes a little job in the story. Amys father is remembered for the content, yet doesn't assume quite a bit of a job. In Two Kinds, the piece is clear in the principal couple of pages. The story starts by clarifying that Amys family moved to America when she was an infant, in 1949. Her mom is clear in her objectives: she needs Amy to be a kid wonder (an individual with extraordinary ability) and well known. In spite of the fact that first and foremost Amy appears to be tolerating of her moms objective, there are a few undercurrents which are obvious to the peruser that her mom may go excessively far. Imagery in writing may incorporate visual or sound components just as language. Amys piano was the principle image of this story. Toward the finish of the story, the way that she had it tuned and really plunked down to play gives us that she truly thought about her mom and the piano-all things considered. The melodies that she plays toward the end are likewise an image of the story, itself. She makes reference to playing two melodies. The first is titled Pleading Child, and the subsequent one: Perfectly Contented. These are tunes that she had played when she was a kid. She sees just because, after these years, that these two melodies are really two parts to a similar tune. The tune speaks to Amys life. This is the manner by which the story closes. We get a quite smart thought of what Amys story is about and the subject behind it. She laments not attempting her best, and the manner in which she has underestimated her mom in her life. A solid message like this causes us to think about our own lives and associations with the ones we love. Amy builds the story such that makes the plot stream, and we are keen on what will befall her next. A few of us may even feel like she is excessively hard on the hero her mom. The consummation settle these sentiments, since we find she feels this, as well.

How Forgiveness Can Help With Your Panic and Anxiety

How Forgiveness Can Help With Your Panic and Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print Learning to Forgive When You Have Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 31, 2020 Chris Tobin / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Forgiving those who have hurt you isn’t always the easiest thing to do. However, when you learn to forgive others, you are releasing yourself from the anger and negativity that binds you to that person. Forgiveness can help you release deep feelings of sadness and resentment. It can also help you move past negative thoughts that often contribute to anxiety and depression. You deserve to be free of the pain caused by someone else. Learn to let go and accept the past as it was and embrace your life as it is today. Why You Should Forgive For many reasons, you may feel that it is too difficult to forgive others who have deeply hurt you. You may feel that the person isn’t worthy of your forgiveness. Maybe you fear that forgiving someone will make it appear that you are excusing his or her wrongful actions. Forgiveness can be especially difficult when you never receive an apology that you rightfully deserve. It is certainly possible that the person who wronged you isn’t even sorry for what they did. In other circumstances, the person you need to forgive may have passed away, which can make closure even more difficult. Considering all of these challenges, you may be asking why should you forgive. For one thing, forgiveness sets us free. When we hold onto the anger, hurt, and resentment associated with what another person did to us, then we are still allowing them to cause damage in our lives. The person may be long gone from your life, but the anger you feel inside still remains. Years will pass by and you will still be holding onto these negative feelings. Forgiveness can be an empowering way to let go of the pain that the other person caused. It is not about excusing a person for cruel or insensitive behavior. Rather, forgiveness is about striving to live your healthiest life and moving past the upsetting actions of others. Through forgiveness, you can experience other emotional benefits, including improved relationships with those currently in your life. Consider how your deeply held anger and resentment can be affecting your relationships. You may find that when you forgive others that you are more open to trust, love, and acceptance in your current relationships. Forgiveness also relieves stress, anger, and resentmentâ€"feelings that are known to negatively affect the body and mind. Research has determined that managing stress and anger can aid in sleep, reduce anxiety, and improve overall health and wellbeing. Generally, forgiveness provides an opportunity for great personal growth and opens you up to richer and more fulfilling relationships. Ways to Practice Forgiveness If you feel ready to forgive, you may be wondering where to start. It is important to keep in mind that forgiveness is a process that can take time and effort to accomplish. I suggest starting small. For example, try to first start forgiving those that only commit minor offenses, such as someone who cuts you off in traffic. Taking such small steps can begin to open your heart to greater acts of forgiveness Listed here are a few ways to get you started towards forgiving others. Try these activities and see if they can help you on your journey towards forgiveness. You may find yourself obsessing over past events that hurt you. Going over and over these events in your mind can be adding to feelings of anxiety and depression. Use the thought-stopping technique to work toward acceptance. Change your perception about how you were hurt. Did you learn something about yourself through this experience? Sometimes our most painful experiences can teach us valuable life lessons, making us stronger and more insightful individuals through them. One of the most powerful ways to work through your emotions is through journal writing. Writing provides you a safe and uncensored place where you can explore the many aspects of your experience, track where you are in your process of forgiving, and uncover the many layers of emotions. When journal writing, try to balance out what you focus on. Instead of only writing about what you are angry about, also include that which you are grateful for today. Journal writing can be a positive way to begin to heal. You understandably have many feelings of anger toward the person who hurt you. Get these feelings out by writing the person a letter. Let them know in detail all the ways in which they hurt you and how you have felt about it. Get as honest as possible, releasing all of your pent up emotions onto paper. Let the person know that you have decided to forgive them. You can even explain why you are forgiving, such as writing, I forgive you because I no longer want to hold on to the pain you have caused. Once your letter is complete rip up into shreds. This activity will allow you to release emotions that needed to be expressed and then let them go. Use the Thought Stopping TechniqueLook for the LessonsWrite It OutPrepare a Letter

2019 Best Brightest Ashley Daniels, Emory University (Goizueta)

Ashley Daniels 2019 Best Brightest: Ashley Daniels, Emory University (Goizueta) by: Jeff Schmitt on March 23, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 782 Views March 23, 2019Ashley DanielsEmory University, Goizueta Business School  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Looking for adventure, I’m eager to learn, explore, and try new things around the world.†Fun fact about yourself: I got scuba certified in Austria over the summer between my sophomore and junior year.Hometown: Chesterfield, MOHigh School: Marquette High SchoolMajor: BBA – Finance, Strategy and Management Consulting, EntrepreneurshipFavorite Business Course: Venture Capital and Private Equity taught by Klaas BaksExtracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College:Women’s Varsity Swimming and Diving – Captain (NCAA All-American, All-UAA, CSCAA Scholar All-American)BBA Council – VP of FinanceRelay for Life – Sports ChairOmicron Delta Kappa – MemberFellowship of Christian Athletes – Le aderEagles Swim Team – InstructorWhere have you interned during your college career? SunTrust Robinson Humphry – Acquisition Finance Execution Structuring Summer Analyst (Atlanta, GA – Summer 2018)voestalpine – Corporate Development Intern (Linz, Austria – Summer 2017)Where will you be working after graduation? SunTrust Robinson Humphry – Acquisition Finance Execution Structuring AnalystWhat company do you admire most? I have always been a big fan of Patagonia. I was first drawn to the company because they created some of the best outdoor apparel on the market. Upon further research, I learned of the company’s dedication to sustainability and employee satisfaction. Both of which I value as particularly admirable. Overall, I believe the company has found a niche market that it can thrive in while also remaining socially and environmentally responsible.Who is your favorite professor? Mark Bell. As a current member of many boards and a leading investment manager, Bell brought current examples to every class, pushed us to think of more diverse investment strategies, and found time to individually get to know each student.What did you enjoy most about your business school? A unique tradition at Goizueta is Kegs. Every week, the entire BBA class is invited to attend a social event coordinated with a theme, sponsor, food, and beer. This has always been a fabulous end to the week as well as a welcomed opportunity to relax with my classmates and professors.What is the biggest lesson you gained from studying business? While at the Goizueta business school, I have spent a lot of time working with other people on larger projects. I have learned that every problem has multiple solutions which can be both challenging and exciting. Working with groups has taught me to combine ideas and to understand that everything can be improved upon with the additional insight of another individual.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field? Each semester, new students join the Goizueta business school and I am given the opportunity to speak with them. One thing I always try to convey to them is that a well-functioning group can always create a product better than each individual. I advise all business students to develop technical skills but to also learn how to communicate and delegate work in a way that fosters a productive team environment. Being able to recognize the value of each additional individual and then understand how to best work as a unit are essential skills in the business world.What has surprised you most about majoring in business? I am constantly shocked with how much of an influence a business can have on the lives of employees, friends, admirers, and the general public. By recognizing the social, economic, political, and environmental footprint a company has, I have become much more interested in observing how to make all those positive. Leaders of all sized companies have the opportunity to positively impact a community and I am excited to potentially have such an impact on people.â€Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying†¦Psychology. I have always loved learning how the brain works and people think. While at Emory, I have gotten to take a few psychology classes and even some sociology classes that have given me more tangible examples, studies, and definitions of observable naturally occurring phenomena pertaining to individual behaviors.Who most influenced your decision to pursue business in college? Both my parents are involved in the business world. Therefore, I was exposed to business at a young age. My dad specifically has always enjoyed sharing his business knowledge with me and now constantly shares business news he thinks pertains to me. Being surrounded by business from a young age absolutely led me towards business, but I have found that business can be quite broad and I am mor e specifically interested in the non-traditional forms of business. I really enjoyed learning about new, innovative ideas and emerging investment opportunities that are more creative and interesting that traditional investment classes.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? I am very proud of my collegiate career. I have gotten to develop athletically, academically, socially, professionally, and through so many other avenues. For this reason, I am most proud of the creation of the Goizueta BBA Creed. As a junior, I was asked to create a creed with little guidance. I pulled upon my involvement and development within all these communities as well as peers and advisors to identify the most important qualities of Goizueta students. I believe the Creed is very reflective of my own experience at the Goizueta business school and I am very proud that this document will outlast my time at the University.Which classmate do you most admire? Lauren McBride is an incredibly caring, dedicated, creative, compassionate individual. She and I have become very close friends ever since we went to Austria together for an internship before our junior years. The first striking thing about Lauren is her ability to connect with anyone. She has incredible listening skills and finds ways to remember and stay invested in an individual’s interests. She is also brilliant and hard-working. She balances a business and physics major while remaining involved in her leadership roles in various extracurriculars. She loves to travel and has a desire to learn more about the world. Overall, Lauren is the type of person I strive to be: thoughtful, smart, adventurous.Who would you most want to thank for your success? I want to thank my swim team. Of course, this is a collection of people so I feel as though I have cheated on this question. However, I believe that the atmosphere and history of the team have truly driven me to become the person I am today. The Emory Swim and Dive team is made up of incredibly hard-working and supportive people. I was led by passionate seniors; I watched teammates go on to impact the world; coaches told me I could achieve anything that crossed my mind; my classmates became my closest friend; our underclassmen showered me in support and taught me how to lead; and alumni have continued to remain connected and involved in my life. Without this group, I would have never thought I could balance so many different things and grow in so many directions. Since coming to Emory, the Emory Swim and Dive team have pushed me to look for ways I can find and fulfill passions. Because of this group, I have done so much more with my collegiate career that I would have imagined and I am eager to do the same throughout my professional career.What are the top two items on your bucket list? Scuba dive the Great Barrier ReefSee the Northern Lights from an iglooWhat are your hobbies? While I love and spend a lot of time swimm ing, I wouldn’t consider it a hobby. When I have a free afternoon, I enjoy listening to music, spending time with my friends, trying local restaurants in Atlanta, and doing anything in the sun. I also really enjoy traveling (across the world or just a weekend road trip), scuba diving, playing golf, and have recently begun playing the piano.What made Ashley such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2019?â€Å"Ashley brings unwavering dedication and infectious passion to everything she undertakes.   It comes as no surprise that she is now captain of the 9th-consecutive NCAA-D III Championship Swimming and Diving Team on which she has been a four-year varsity athlete. She models a tenacity, collaborative willingness and team spirit that ideally position her to make significant and meaningful contributions in the pool, in the classroom and across a variety of organizational environments. While she is naturally gifted, she augments her talents with a work ethic that moves her achievements to a higher level.I am most grateful for the Goizueta BBA Creed that Ashley authored and helped institutionalize during her tenure here. This task was outside her assigned role on the BBA Council but was clearly and obviously close to her heart.   While her authorship was eloquent and foundational to the outcome, her willingness to solicit input and seek editing was equally valuable in assuring a representative and inclusive document. Following the Creed’s ratification,   Ashley has led a series of sessions with incoming business students each semester during Orientation, helping them not only to understand the intention and meaning of the core values but also to think about ways to authentically incorporate them into their own business school experiences.   I firmly believe that Ashley Daniels has fundamentally and permanently positively impacted the culture of the Goizueta Business School BBA Program.†Andrea Hershatter Sr. Associate Dean of Undergr aduate Education BBA Program Director Goizueta Business School Page 1 of 11

Ethical Decision Making Ethical Decisions - 1047 Words

Ethical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agency at which I work. Step two in the ethical decision-making model (CPA, 2000) asks that psychologists identify ethically relevant issues and practices, which I have highlighted in relation to the presented scenario, as outlined in Table 1. Through laying out the various principles and standards that apply to this scenario, according to the CPA code of ethics (2000), I was able to identify the existence of conflict between respecting the woman’s desire to receive online counselling (Principle I) and not knowing whether online counselling intervention would effectively support her without causing harm (Principle II). However, it is also important that I adhere to Principle II and provide online support if the woman does not find it acceptable, within her culture and due to living in a remote location, to seek face-to-face counselling services. In order to minimize the negative impact of bias on decision-making, I will engage in step three of the CPA (2000) decision-making model andShow MoreRelated Ethical Decision Making A Decision On Ethical Decisions1587 Words   |  7 PagesThroughtout this written assignment there will be a discussion on ethical decision making about making a decision on possible ethical consequences that may be placed in your life, and what ethical consequences will be dealt with in the mental health professional field. Decisions could possibility pertain your conduct such as an ethical dilemma that will required a serious decision to be solved by your action as an leader. Even though a leader may not have caused the problem, they do not have a choiceRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1496 Words   |  6 PagesFacing Ethical Decisions How does a person determine what is right or wrong when making a decision? Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005)Read MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks and news articles are available online which discuss making ethical decisions and the importance of maintaining a high level of ethical standards in business. Ethical Decisions Sound ethical decisions are extremely important in business communication and the decision making process is greatly affected by ethical standards. There are four general rules any business leader must follow when trying to make ethical decisions. These rules help managers and employees to behave appropriatelyRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I think of making ethical decisions, I think of doing what’s right, but what exactly is the right thing and how do we define it? As humans we are all brought up under different circumstances, therefore we tend to distinguish from right and wrong in many different ways, especially at a young age when we first start to understand our moral behavior. This difference between the way we determine what’s right and what’s wrong is what makes it difficult for us humans to have the same understandingRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1026 Words   |  5 Pages within a particular organization. Also, it includes critical and ethical decision-making process so as to address various ethical dilemmas experienced by employees while undertaking their respective assigned duties within the company. Ethical dilemmas are hereby to stay as issues usually arise now and then and place a variety of options that bear different repercussions. Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears moreRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1317 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount the works of ethical decision making, ethical decision making is an idea that will dramatically help any manager that takes this issue seriously. In the standpoint of the internal customer, ethical behavior improves the actual atmosphere at the job and helps motivate the actual employees, sets an example to the actual employees, and evokes a feeling of pride with the company and improves it is image wit hin the eyes with the employees. From the standpoint of outer customer, ethical behavior improvesRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesHaving to make an ethical decision regarding unethical circumstances can be challenging for some. â€Å"Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical alternative.The process of making ethical decisions requires: commitment-the desire to do the right thing regardless of the cost; consciousness-theRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions1533 Words   |  7 Pages When making ethical decisions we as Christians use different sources to help us in deciding how we should respond to a given situation while staying true to our Christian faith and its values. The scholar Richard Hays identified these sources for ethical decision-making into four areas: Scripture, tradition, reason and experience. Neither of these is used in isolation, but work together to help us decide what would be ethically right to lead the â€Å"good life† and proclaim the Kingdom of GodRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). 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My First Field Work With Jordan Haley And Jaycie Kim Essay

On October 4th, I did my first field work with Jordan Haley and Jaycie Kim. We decided to go to the Orangewood Foundation, which is in Santa Ana. We met up there at 9am and waited to meet with Mike McKenzie who is a program supervisor there. We talked to him in a small conference room for a little over 30 minutes until he gave us a small tour around. Overall, we were there for a bit over an hour. My first impressions of the site were that it was a nice building. It had a welcoming atmosphere. I love the color orange which was present there and I remember their logo, a colorful butterfly, making me happy. When I walked in, I went up to the lady at the front desk to ask if Jordan and Jaycie were there yet and she was very kind to me. I talked to her again later when Jordan and Jaycie arrived and she was eager to help and told us she would tell Mike McKenzie that we were there. While we waited, I saw some young adults walk around but I could not tell if they were any of the â€Å"clien ts† the organization serves. I did not observe any of the staff helping any of their â€Å"clients† while I was there. What I noticed about the â€Å"helpee/helper† relationship was that the helpers try to act as some sort of mentor for the foster care kids but are also friendly. This was a positive experience for me. It is always wonderful seeing people dedicating their time towards helping others. Nice to see how much Mike McKenzie cared about foster care kids and how passionate he was. We told us he

What Makes A Successful Career Essay - 881 Words

The reasons why people succeed in their careers are probably as numerous as the number of successful people. When we begin to think about the qualities these people possess, it becomes apparent that we can classify or catagorize them into a few specific groupsamp;#8211;those who really enjoy their work, those who are obsessed with their work (they either want to be the best; or have a fear of failure), those who are blessed with exceptional talent in their field, and those who have planned their work and worked their plan. 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Marketing Pl Glf Cafe - 1683 Words

GLF Cafe 1. Executive Summary This business plan provides a in-depth evaluation and plan of the present and potential profitability, liquidity and financial security of GLF Cafe. This business has prospective future in the cafe market as it is a unique and original business. GLF Cafe will satisfy the demands of the target audience, because gluten and lactose free dieting popularity has been increasing rapidly. 1.1 Business Name and Justification GLF Cafe is a original name. This name has been chosen by the owner as it will provide a variety of ONLY lactose and gluten free food and beverages for those who are on these diets. The initials GLF is a abbreviation for (Gluten and Lactose free Cafe.) 1.2 Vision and Mission statement â€Å"Healthy†¦show more content†¦The location in George street is optimal as it is outside a chain of bus stops and train stations. Those who come to work early can stop by GLF Cafe before going to work as it is in a good location. It is possible that the working class who are thinking about having a healthier diet may be influenced and supported by the business.†¨ 1.5 Ownership and legal structure This business will be operation by a sole trader. As the business running under a sole trader it would not be hard to register the business. The reason why this business will be operated by a sole trader is that the owner has complete control of the decisions regarding the business. A sole trader can employ staff at will, will receive full profits and dissolving or exiting the business will requiring no hassle at all if the situation arises. 1.6 Business Goals For the first two years of operate this business has the following goals to achieve: To win the TIME OUT Food Awards for best cafe. To have a excellent costumer base. To create original and interesting lactose and gluten free recipes. To implement a social media promotion campaign. To train all employees to the highest standards a cafe can produce. 1.7 SWOT Analysis 2. Operations and Human Resources 2.1 Staff Personal and skill requirements The willingness to help people. A passion for good food and beverages. Good problem-solving and decision-making skills. Strong organisational skills. The ability to lead and supervise people. Ability

Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning Free Essays

string(104) " a buyer and supplier relationship between the industry and companies which produces the raw materials\." How does Porters Five Forces Model assist an organisation in their strategic planning? Before understanding â€Å"how† we must know â€Å"what† Porters Five Forces model really is (Michael E. Porter, 2008). Company strive to secure a competitive advantage over their rivals, I mean who doesn’t want to be the best? Although the intensity of rivalry varies within each industry and these differences can be important in the development of strategy, but rather the five forces (Porter, 2008) being a strategy of any sort, it acts a framework in securing a strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning or any similar topic only for you Order Now The only time where strategy is irrelevant, would be when you have no competitors where ultimately the environment is a monopoly, or when you have a ton of money to throw around and waste. But having said that, it is not likely at all. Without framework, strategy will inevitably collapse, as they both come hand in hand. Thus a chain arises as the five forces (Porter, 2008) acts as a framework in assisting an organisation in their strategic planning, where strategic planning leads to a competitive advantage over their competitors which then leads to ultimate success of the company. Before proceeding to the question at hand on how Porters Five Forces can assist an organisation in their strategic planning, first we have to know two things, what are the Five Forces that Porter (2008) proposed, and ultimately what strategy really means? To ease this journey, let’s start with the Five Forces (Porter, 2008). Before any company enters a certain market, one must first analyse the competitive nature of the market, and this is exactly what the Five Forces (2008) aids to do, to provide a framework to determine the intensity of competition within an industry where three of the five competitive forces comes from an external sources, and the remainder coming from an internal sources. These external sources includes: Threat of potential entrants, threat of potential substitutes and rivalry of existing firms in the industry. Now these sources are external due to the fact that it is simply impossible to temper with. But what we can control, are the two internal sources: the bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of buyers. Being aware of the five forces can aid firms into identifying existence and the importance of each of the five forces, as well as the roles that each force plays into the success of the firms. The threat of potential entrants: Although it is possible for any company to enter and exit a market of their choice, each market has their own unique barriers to go in and out of. Therefore the essence of this force deals with the level of difficulty that a company can enter into an industry which will ultimately impact competition within the industry. Whenever a new company enters an industry, the competitive climate changes; it provides more alternatives to consumers, therefore reducing its attractiveness and the competition within the industry increases as each company is trying to come out on top. As each industry have their own unique characteristics it allows them to build a barrier from other industries protecting them from profitability while restraining additional rivals from entering the market. These restraints and characteristics that industries create are referred to as barriers of entry. Barriers of entry are a characteristic acquired uniquely to each industry. It attempts to reduce the rate of entry of new companies which maintains the level of profitability for all current industry competitors, where if new companies enters the industry, the profit is shared amongst the original and the newly developed companies in the industry, ultimately decreasing overall profits of each company, which isn’t ideal. Conversely when profitability of an industry is high, companies will attempt to come into the industry to get a piece of the action, which then will eventually result in reducing profits due to the fact that it is divided up into more quarters. Where there’s an entry, there’s an exit, barriers to exit limits the ability of a firm to leave the market, meanwhile rivalries can worsen. So when barriers for entry and exits are high, it means that companies have a higher potential to make more profit and the opposite occurs when barriers are low. The threat of substitutes: where it refers to substitute product as those that are available in other industry which can also fulfil the need and want of the consumers. It can affect competition in an industry by placing an invisible ceiling on prices which companies within the industry can charge, due to the fact that if the cost of substitute is low then the consumers will tend to purchase substitutes, therefore limiting the prices that a company can place on certain items to gain maximum profit. For example, lemonade can be substituted for a soft drink. Generally, competitive pressures arising from substitute products increase as the relative price of substitute products declines and as consumer’s switching costs decrease. The bargaining power of buyers is affected by the concentration and number of consumers, when buyer power is strong, they gain the power to choose between producers and ultimately equip themselves with bargaining power which then the producers will have to conform to in order to produce profit, under these conditions the buyer has the most influence in determining the price of products. Also when buyers have strong bargaining power in the exchange relationship, competition can be affected in several ways. Powerful buyers can bargain for lower prices, better product distribution, higher-quality products, as well as other factors that can create greater competition among companies. To minimise the power of buyers, companies can develop offers in which strong buyers cannot refuse, also, companies can choose to select buyers with less bargaining power. Similarly, the bargaining power of suppliers affects the intensity of competition in an industry, for a production industry that produces goods, raw materials are needed which creates a buyer and supplier relationship between the industry and companies which produces the raw materials. You read "Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning" in category "Essay examples" Suppliers may be able to determine prices especially when there are a large number of suppliers, limited substitute raw materials, or increased switching costs. The bargaining power of suppliers is important to industry competition because suppliers can also affect the quality of exchange relationships. Competition may become more intense as powerful suppliers raise prices, reduce services, or reduce the quality of goods or services. In order to minimise the power of suppliers, industry tend to build win-win relationships with suppliers where both parties benefits from it or arrange to use multiple suppliers so if one supplier chooses to increase their prices, the company doesn’t get affected as much. Competition is also affected by the rivalry among existing firms, which is usually considered as the most powerful of the five competitive forces. In most industries, business organizations are mutually dependent, industries that are concentrated versus fragmented; often display the highest level of rivalry. A competitive move by one company in pursuing an advantage over its rivals can be expected to have a noticeable effect on its competitors, and thus, may cause retaliation of other companies, for example, lowering prices, enhancing quality, adding features, providing services, extending warranties, and increasing advertising, placing themselves in a competitive advantage over the competitors. The nature of competition is often affected by a variety of factors, such as the size and number of competitors, demand changes for the industry’s products, the specificity of assets within the industry, the presence of strong exit barriers, and the variety of competitors. These conditions will lead to a more challenging industry where companies compete in, leading to price wars, advertising battles, and the addition of new products. So after going through the five forces, let’s take a look at what strategic planning really means. If we are going to have a good strategy, we must separate strategy from goals and objectives and other issues that managers often think about. Now most management practitioners make the mistake in defining strategy, a strategy is what unique position that we will be able to achieve, what our advantage is going to be at the end of the day as we take these steps accumulatively over time, how we’re going to be unique? How we’re going to have an advantage? How we’re going to sustain the advantage over time? Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). The steps we take aren’t a strategy, but somehow numerous companies make the mistake of fixating themselves on a particular action that an organisation want to approach, which then inevitably becomes their strategy but that usually leads to the downfall of the company simply because they do not know why they’re doing it and when they should stop doing it. As we all know, every industry is diff erent, therefore, there is no universal strategy that can apply to any business. But before proceeding, a company must understand their position and the industry that they are in and their circumstances in order to find a way of obtaining a competitive advantage over the competitors, where indefinitely delivering a unique value to the consumers which rivals cannot. As the five forces (Porter, 2001) suggests that being at a competitive advantage is the idealistic way of being on top, due to the fact that every industry has their own set of economics, the five forces (Porter, 2001) without a doubt acts as a framework to extract any necessary information needed to develop strategy to gain competitive advantage. The Five forces (Porter, 2001) help you home in on what is really causing profitability, or in fact what is causing the trends of the significance and change of the industry. This powerful framework can prevent an organisation from getting tricked or trapped into the latest trends like the technological sensation, and really allowing organisations to focus solely on the underlying fundamentals. This can be applied to any industry whether if its production or a service, high tech or low tech, emerging or developed industries (Porter, 2001). With the framework at hand, it acts as a guide or even a tick off criteria sheet into strategic planning, how should we begin? The strategy formulating process will be pretty straight forward from here after deeply understanding the five forces which Porter (2001) proposed. The first step should be the analysis of the industry that a company is trying to get into, looking at the environment to tick off all of the 5 boxes one by one, evaluating what the industry looks like, how it’s been changing over time, and what are the drivers of competition (Schermerhorn et al, 2011). After a careful analyse the company is then required to under the dynamics as to where the industry is going, how the buyers and substitute’s entry level are evolving, and lastly how to position the company to gain a good profit. These are all extracted from the framework proposed by Porter (2001), although competition is sometimes looked at too narrowly, with careful analysis of the five forces (Porter, 2001) will ultimately position the company in a competitive advantage. Where a competitive advantage allows an organisation to deal with the market and environmental forces much better than its competitors (Ramon, 2012), to achieve this goal, the company needs to be at its best and better than the competitors who are trying to achieve the same goal in the same industry. Rather than a goal, competitive advantage is a position that a company wants to be in, a goal is to make the competitive advantage sustainable in spite of all the mockery of rivals, although achieving and sustaining it is a challenging task, but it will set concrete roots for the company in years to come. The implementation of strategic planning tools serves a variety of purposes in companies, including the clear definition of an organization’s purpose and mission, and the establishment of a standard base from which progress can be measured and future actions can be planned. I-O psychologist Ramon E, Henson (2012) and Robert E, Ployhart (2012) although having disagreements in some parts of their papers, they ultimately come forward in reinforcing the importance of competitive advantage suggesting that I-O and strategy has been â€Å"joined at hips for years† (Ramon, 2012), also suggesting hat I-O psychology should stray from the focus of individuals and start focusing more on the company as a whole as they have â€Å"much to offer† in the understanding of competitive advantage (Ployhart, 2012). Furthermore, the strategic planning tools should communicate those goals and objectives to the organisation as a whole rather than just the ones involved in the strategic p lanning process (O’Shannassy, 2003) to achieve a more efficient work flow. Throughout the centuries, countless strategic approaches has been formed and used and recycled, so why use Porter’s Five Forces (2008)? For example, strategy as simple rules Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, ; Donald N. Sull, (2001). It illustrates the success story of Yahoo! , along with other successful companies coming from an unattractive market. â€Å"So how they did succeed? More generally, what are the sources of competitive advantage in high-velocity markets? What does strategy mean in the new economy? † (Eisenhardt et al, 2001, p. 108). The key is none-other than strategy as simple rules, it targets market confusion and rides the magic carpet to see where or what it will journey into. Although it is indeed called â€Å"simple rules†, a rule still applies to it, as one Internet executive explained: â€Å"I have a thousand opportunities a day; strategy is deciding which 50 to do. † (Eisenhardt et al, 2001, p. 108). As it summarises and illustrates that simple rules is all about taking risks, its essence is to capture unanticipated opportunities for ultimate success. Although for companies like Yahoo! has gained huge success, simple rules (2001) cannot apply to any industry as the authors suggests (Eisenhardt et al, 2001). If the opportunity presents itself, for anyone to use simple rules (2001) as a stepping stone to success, without a doubt, one should take the opportunity, but an opportunity does not just come without any background knowledge of a particular industry, and this is where Porter’s Five Forces (2008) comes into play, as it provides a framework for careful analysis of the industry, by analysing the industry will allow you to grab hold of the opportunities that might come about. Despite the fact that there are numerous of strategies to obtain competitive advantage, Porters Five Forces (2008) acts as a basis of all these trategies, as it is a tick-off criteria sheet which allows a company to understand their position before even implementing any sort of action. It is important as companies strives for ultimate profitability, thus the importance of a company securing a competitive advantage over their competitors is key, as even I-O psychologists supports the important of competitive advantage and that it should be a â€Å"department on its own† (Ployhart, 2012). How to implement strategy and sustaining it is another question. Although Yahoo! nd some other companies has succeeded without the five forces (Porter, 2008), it is a dangerous and risky step, and for those who doesn’t have the resource to throw around, Porters Five Forces (2008) will not only act as a friend but mentor to the journey of success. Reference John R. Schermerhorn, Paul Davidson, David Poole, Alan Simon, Peter woods ; So Ling Chau (2011). Management 4th Asia-Pacific Edition. Queensland, Australia: John Wiley ; Sons Australia, Ltd. Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, ; Donald N. Sull, (2001). Strategy as Simple Rules. Harvard Business Review,79(1), 106-116. Porter E. Michael. THE FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES THAT SHAPE STRATEGY. Harvard Business Review, 00178012, Jan2008, Vol. 86, Issue 1. RAMON M. HENSON. Industrial-Organizational and Strategy Are Integrated in Practice! Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(2012), pp82-86. Robert E. Ployhart. From Possible to Probable: The Psychology of Competitive Advantage. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (2012), 120–126. Tim O’Shannassy, (2003). Modern Strategic management: Balancing Strategic Thinking and Strategic Planning for Internal and External Stakeholders. Singapore Management Review, 25(1), 53-67. How to cite Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning, Essay examples

Moving Mens Health Promotion Forward in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Moving Mens Health Promotion Forward in Australia. Answer: Accessibility-Ensuring that the services of primary care are affordable, available, and equally provided to the people. Community participation- All resources are used to reach the grass roots. Health promotion-communication to everyone.[1] Collaboration between health sectors. First, I would improve the identification of cases, whereby the most urgent ones shall be selected. Then trust, here, I would ensure that the confidence the Aboriginals lost in governance systems is restored through a show of concern. Improving prominent clinical indicators. After diagnosis, the treatment, education, referral and follow-up processes shall be changed from traditional to modern. Medicare; the government, provides healthcare that is affordable and accessible and with no charges at the service point. Private health insurance; advanced choices and advantages for insured people, like choosing a doctor, timing procedure, and the hospital. Private health funds; range to over 35 insurance finances open to anyone. Government incentive, health insurance, and regulation of health insurance in private sectors. When assessing a depressed patient, some potential risks like self-mutilation through suicide may be expected. Again, an accident patient with excessive blood loss may be in danger of hypothermia, hypovolemia, and shock. A patient with a septic wound may be at a potential risk for systemic infections like bacteraemia. Based on statistics, Australians pay $50 to $80 to see a GP and more than half can be reclaimed through the Medicare insurance scheme. Besides, GP surgeries are only charged the reclaimable amount meaning it is entirely free of charge. The middle earners and pensioners have a card issued by the government, meaning they are bulk-billed. Prescriptions have been subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Nevertheless, Medicare does not cover ambulances; charges can be close to $2,000 in an emergency situation. Comparing this situation in the past and with other nations, Australia has made breakthroughs in quality health care delivery, and I believe it has the best system in the world. Community health extension workers (CHEWs) can be involved in primary health care. Community health nurses can also be part of PHC. Families can be involved through the practice of appropriate lifestyles. Local leaders like parliamentarians can be involved too. Through National Health Reforms, the Commonwealth government has adopted the use of Medicare locals. They are appropriately trained to link locals with GPs, involve local networks of hospitals, support and plan face-to-face services with GPs. The government has funded the training of medical specialists, GPs, and nurses with $1.2 billion. Use of IT in local hospitals, building Super clinics, improving infrastructure, securing personally operated electronic record system has improved primary health care. PHC nurses do health promotion, prevention of illnesses, antenatal and postnatal care, palliation, rehabilitation, public and population health, development of policies, advocacy and research, development of the community, and care and treatment of the sick. [2] Overall delivery of PHC involves local level health practitioners, holistic care, and integration of all sectors of care among others. Primary, secondary, and tertiary care are included as well. Social factors that affect health includes security, availability of resources, norms like discrimination in the case of Australian aboriginals, and inadequate infrastructure limit access to hospitals and GPs. People who have poor access to mass media and technology have less health knowledge. Residential segregated people have poor health and wellbeing. Cultural factors like the belief that the appearance of teeth proves good health regardless of pain or bleeding in China affects wellbeing. Traditional ways of treatment like the use of herbs in the Aboriginal culture have been ineffective in eliminating disease thus leading to preventable deaths. Political environments such as parliamentary decisions made in Australia to foster National Health Reforms have seen improvement in the health systems of Australia. Furthermore, the implementation of Medicare locals was through political processes, and it has improved the PHC levels in Australia. Poverty predisposes someone to poor health and wellbeing. For instance, one may lack money to foot medical bills. The middle and wealthy people have a healthy comfortable life. Third world nations like Somalia have seen increased maternal and paediatric mortalities due to the inability to procure standard medical services. Emotional health is vital in promoting good health. Stress triggers a hormonal cascade that depletes the body of energy and eventually leads to lower immunity and onset of diseases. Again, a mental health patient may be anxious, having suicidal ideations and at risk of poor integration of familiar concepts. Environments like slums, poor weather conditions, arid and semi-arid areas predispose individuals to some specific health problems. For instance, communicable diseases spread faster in crowded areas. Also, people who work in hospitals are at risk of nosocomial infections compared to those who do not. Employment of the local Aboriginals and Torres Islander GPs and nurses would solve the problem of cultural differences. Utilising the principles of shared responsibility for the well-being of the indigenous people would also be a priority. Funding and training the Indigenous Health Workers (IHW), advocating for the abolition of social injustices would also help. As an enrolled nurse, upholding the standards of health care in nursing can be achieved through clinical governance; where standard care shall be dispensed to the client. Carrying out continuous research shall be paramount. Ensuring that Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is realised shall be a priority. Fostering teamwork is imperative as well. The professional code of conduct for nurses has stipulated values of practice. Among the values is upholding needs, rights and benefits of the patient in making decisions, no discrimination, maintaining a therapeutic relationship, advocacy for patients, families and communitys rights, supervision of juniors and proper delegation, and the combination of science and art in the provision of care. It also proposes penalties and consequences for any malpractice. The Australian Nursing Council has regulatory mechanisms as well. The code of ethics provides that nurses should value a quality nursing care for all, kindness and respect for others and self, informed decisions, ethically managing client information, client diversity, cultural safety, and respect, economic, social, ecological, and the general environment for clients recuperation among others. This ethical requirement acts as a reference point for any conduct and decisions that nurses make. Again, the community refers to this document to weigh the performance standards expected from the nurses. Standards of practice for an enrolled nurse are ten as stipulated in the nursing and midwifery board of Australia. They include functioning according to policies, the law and procedures, gross respect for the people as nursing care is delivered, acceptance of accountability and responsibility for personal actions, diverse interpretation of information, collaboration, and provision of quality of attention. Additionally, they should communicate and document all activities, provide evidence-based nursing care, safe and quality of life and engages in professional development. The New South Wales national law on regulation of health practitioners is in act 86a of 2009. It regulates student registrations, renewal of registration, applications for endorsements, health, conduct and performance expected among others. Any breach of the provisions has a guideline on constitutional processes that will lead to judgment in a court of law. Before working as a health practitioner here, you must be certified. The CPD standard in NMBA applies to all nurses. To meet the standard, a nurse must finish 20 hours of CPD in every period of registration. If registered as both a midwife and a nurse, the time frames for the two must be met. Failure to meet the [3]standards attracts the National law provisions like the imposition of condition(s) for your status of registration, and the use of standards, guidelines and principles of certification in establishing a penalty. The decision making framework has policies and templates for tools of decision-making. First off, the fundamental motivation for a decision is to improve the health outcome of the patient. For any decision beyond a nurses capacity, he or she will be responsible for any consequences. Also, nursing decisions are best made in a collaborative environment. The framework also limits nurses to deciding on cases that require other professionals like doctors. Multiculturalism refers to diversity in ethnic and cultural make-ups of different populations; a typical example is the Australian Torres Strait and Aboriginals, immigrants and refugees. Therefore, the Australian society is multicultural. The indigenous people have held to their cultural beliefs even in the modern times, and my first consideration is to integrate their local healers into the contemporary system of care. Again, requesting for financing from government and NGOs shall be a priority in fostering health education and cultural competence among nurses. Cultural barriers: The immigrants come from a different cultural setting that may not blend with the Australian people and will be seen as odd. Again, it will bar them from seeking my health services and I may also not understand their precise needs. Communication problem: Those who come from non-English speaking nations like France and Germany may have problems expressing to GPs. I may not understand their language. High costs: They will not access healthcare. Current Australian health issues include discrimination against the indigenous people in accessing quality health care due to racism, unemployment, stereotyping among others. Another problem is the cultural diversity that leads to misunderstanding and poor health behaviours. Furthermore, limited funding, inadequate GPs, and nurses, poor research, and other areas have affected health care. The Ruud Governments National Health Reform Agreement of 2011(NHRA) was the platform which established the way of shared funding by the Commonwealth, states and territory governments. Calculations are done using the[4] model in the agreement. Commonwealth is to take care of the 50% and the balance by the territories and states. The funding is met through cabinet secretary for health and their states counterparts. Initial knowledge on the insurance and financing for the aged is vital. I shall then introduce the Commonwealth and state funding procedures to the client. Then, I shall issue a card from the insurance fund that is usually available in most of the hospitals and direct the client to the offices for registration. Professional ethics and proper skills of communication shall be upheld. E-health can be accessible by any Australian as long as they have an internet connection. Health information is uploaded on this platform, contacts of health workers, locations of hospitals and vital national health information are uploaded here. Therefore, existing health services and issues shall be identified with ease. Use of banners, signposts and road signs. Road signs have improved health awareness, for instance, the sign posts on the respect of indigenous people in the provision of health services have worked well. Use of social and mass media. Many individuals who use Facebook and Twitter access health information and a survey in Sydney confirmed its effectiveness on the promotion of health. Health provider direct teachings. At the hospitals and in the community, health workers have succeeded in giving health talks to people, and it has yielded a healthy Australia through PHC. In the 1990s and 1980s, Australian health system, had problems of quality, inaccessibility by the disadvantaged groups like the aboriginals and immigrants, reduced funding from the Commonwealth and state governments among others. The advantages of the reforms proposed include broad coverage, less burden on the consumers, utilisation of technology and promotion of primary health care (PHC). Constraints of financing have seen increased national debts and seeking of grants from established governments like the US and the UK. Also, the inadequate health practitioners have seen laxity in the implementation of the proposals in health reforms. However, the endeavours by all stakeholders have elevated the Australian system to one of the best on the face of the earth. References Smith, J, "Beyond masculine stereotypes: Moving men's health promotion forward in Australia". inHealth Promotion Journal of Australia, 18, 2013, 20. Eckermann, S, L Sheridan, Rivers, "Which direction should Australian health system reform be heading?". inThe New Zealand and Australian Journal of Public Health, 40, 2015, 7-9. "Foundation Funding For Behavioral Health Care." in, 35, 2016, 1141-1142. Naccarella, L, L Greenstock, P Brooks, "A framework to support team-based models of primary care within the Australian health care system". inMed J Aust, 199, 2013, 22-25.

Freedom Fighters Essay Example For Students

Freedom Fighters Essay Rani Lakshmi Bai †¢ Rani Lakshmi Bai was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi. †¢ She was one of the most leading personalities of the first war of Indias independence that started in 1857. †¢ She was born to a Maharashtrian family at Kashi in the year 1828. †¢ During her childhood, she was called by the name Manikarnika. †¢ In the year 1842, she got married to the Maharaja of Jhansi, Raja Gangadhar Rao Niwalkar. Subhash Chandra Bose †¢ Subhash Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. †¢ Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. Subhash Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. †¢ Subhash Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. †¢ He founded Indian National Congress. Bal Gangadhar Tilak †¢ Bal Gangadhar Tilak is considered as Father of Indian National Movement. †¢ Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on July 23, 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. †¢ He was a Chitpavan Brahmin by caste. †¢ He was a social reformer, freedom fighter, national leader, and a scholar of Indian history, Sanskrit, Hinduism, mathematics and astronomy. †¢ He was among Indias first generation of youth to receive a modern, college education. Bhagat Singh †¢ Bhagat Singh was one of the most prominent faces of Indian freedom struggle. †¢ Bhagat Singh studied the European revolutionary movement and was greatly attracted towards socialism. †¢ Bhagat Singh gave a new direction to the revolutionary movement in India. †¢ Their immediate goal was destruction of the British Empire and they had no inclination to work out a political alternative. †¢ Bhagat Singh, because of his interest in studying and his keen sense of history gave revolutionary movement a goal beyond the elimination of the British. Lala Lajpat Rai Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the foremost leaders who fought against British rule in India. †¢ He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of the Punjab). †¢ Lala Lajpat Rai was born on January 28, 1865 in village Dhudike, in Punjab. †¢ While in college he came in contact with patriots and future freedom fighters like Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt. The three became fast frien ds and joined the Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. †¢ He was elected to the Hisar municipality as a member and later as secretary. Gopal Krishna Gokhale †¢ He was political guru of Mahatma Gandhi. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the pioneers of the Indian national movement. †¢ Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on May 9, 1866 in Kothapur, Maharashtra. †¢ Gokhale received his early education at the Rajaram High School in Kothapur with the help of financial assistance from his elder brother. †¢ Later on he moved on to Bombay and graduated from Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1884 at the age of 18. Bipin Chandra Pal †¢ With the other two members from the Lal BAL Pal team, Bipin Chandra Pal doled out a number of extremist measures. †¢ He was born in the year 1858. Bipin Chandra Pal was a teacher, journalist, orator, writer and librarian. †¢ Bipin Chandra Pal recognized the positive outcome of the British kingdom. †¢ At the same tim e he upheld Indias federal idea. Dr. Rajendra Prasad †¢ Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of independent India. †¢ Dr. Rajendra Prasad was one of the foremost disciples of Gandhiji and he played a crucial role in Indian freedom struggle. †¢ Dr. Rajendra Prasad was born on December 3, 1884 in Ziradei village in Siwan district of Bihar. †¢ Rajendra Prasad was youngest among his siblings. †¢ Dr. .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .postImageUrl , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:hover , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:visited , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:active { border:0!important; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:active , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma EssayRajendra Prasad was greatly attached to his mother and elder brother Mahendra. Jawaharlal Nehru †¢ He became first Prime Minister of independent India; was one of the main architects of Non Aligned Movement. †¢ He was born on November 14, 1889. †¢ Jawaharlal Nehru, also known as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, was one of the foremost leaders of Indian freedom struggle. †¢ He was very fond of children and children used to affectionately call him Chacha Nehru. †¢ He and her daughter send letters to each other in jail. The letters are in the form of a book â€Å"Pita Ke Patra Putri Ke Naam†.

Writing an Argumentative Essay in Business

Writing an Argumentative Essay in BusinessWriting an Argumentative Essay in Business is not easy. However, it can be worth it. After all, the ability to persuade someone to buy something is one of the most important skills in the world. And writing an Argumentative Essay in Business can be just as important, if not more so.A good argumentative essay is as well as appealing to readers as it is impressive to your audience. There are many reasons for this and you need to know them. Here is a rundown of some of the key reasons.* The importance of the argument - This is very important aspect that you need to consider when creating an Argumentative Essay in Business. If you don't make the point clearly, readers will get bored and start to drift away. Also, if your argument is strong, you need to make sure that you make sure it is never misunderstood.* Your strength as an Argumentator - You need to know that it is a skill that you have to develop. People have different qualities when it com es to persuading others. Some people know how to write convincing essays and others can't. Both of them can help you in winning an argument.* The good thing about an Argumentative Essay - When you write an Argumentative Essay in Business, you'll have the advantage of being able to write something that is easy to understand. You may write with a dictionary, but that doesn't mean that you should write with a dictionary. Your readers can't go through the whole page and find the definition of each word. Therefore, you need to include a simple and easy-to-understand approach.* The excellent thing about an Argumentative Essay - Every argument is a good argument. A good argument can be a good argument. You will have to look for the best arguments.Writing a persuasive essay is not difficult, but it is important that you know how to do it. Writing an Argumentative Essay in Business requires you to be knowledgeable on the topic at hand, and to know how to think logically.

Khufu A Painting by Sam Gilliam Essay Example

Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam Essay Medium The artist used acrylic paint on canvas, it gives the picture a nice clean cut and looks like it was just painted yesterday instead of in the mid !960’s. It was a smart move on the part of the artist because acrylics can dry fast, they are thin, and resistant to cracking when the climate changes and it will also not darken or yellow over time, acrylics can also stick to a wide variety of surfaces. Line The artist utilizes line and color edges in this painting. He uses white lines in between the colors to show the colors getting closer and to separate the colors so they don’t mix. He uses a lot of colors in this painting and they all seem to be uniform in the fact of, they all start out small in the upper corner and get bigger, by the time they reach the other corner. He uses lines to control the vision of the audience and create depth on a flat canvas. We will write a custom essay sample on Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Form The form that he uses in the paintingreminds me of Pink Floyd’s dark side of the moon album, were it reminds me of light shining through a prism and splitting itinto the light spectrum that our eyes can see, the lines create the illusion that its going off into the distance, when in fact there just getting smaller. Color The artist uses 5 hues which are orange, blue, pink, red and yellow. He uses all the primary colors (red, blue, yellow) in the painting along with a secondary (orange) and a tertiary (pink) in his painting. By having these certain hues that complement each other, for example, orange and blue are across each other on the color wheel so they are complimentary colors. As is red and yellow being complimentary to one another. The overall palette is soothing in a way to me because of the colors he used, they work together to create a good painting. Repetition The Rhythm in painting is very obvious, the artist uses the same type of lines to separate the different colors in the same pattern of putting the white in between the colors, and that’s a

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay There were several immigrants who moved to America in the 20th century. After the 1890 depression, the number of immigrants to the US almost doubled. There were immigrants from all over the world with distinct races, ethnicities and national groups; these were Jews, Latin Americans, Europeans, Asians and also African Americans. The immigrants came to America for various reasons including escape from political persecution, religious freedom, and economic reasons, among others. Having come from various parts of the world, the immigrants found a different culture in America, very different from their own. The immigrants were then faced with the hard task of deciding whether to assimilate culturally or to preserve their own cultures. A majority of the immigrants assimilated into the American culture, especially the women who intermarried. Assimilation in this case meant the abandoning of their cultures and adopting a new dominant one. However, some like the Hispanics maintained most of t heir cultural aspects, mainly because of the close proximity to their original homeland. The assimilation brought with it many effects including psychological adjustments. The immigrants seemed to have abandoned their origins and tradition which was seen as a negative thing. The assimilation was also seen to have helped many of the immigrants settle well in America; feeling as American as the natives. Enculturation is defined as the practice of knowing ones original culture (Korzenny 1998). Enculturation can be either in favor of ones own culture or of the foreign or dominant culture. Most immigrants nowadays try to teach their children their original cultures while still acculturating the American culture. The enculturation has mostly served to help the immigrants generations to understand where they came from and also appreciate other cultures. Enculturation creates open mindedness and broad knowledge. Enculturation has mostly been beneficial in psychological development but to so me extent it has caused psychological instability. Introduction of many cultures from early childhood leaves some of the children feeling confused as they are not able to identify with either of the cultures. Some Americans with foreign cultures have also found it hard to fit in their original cultures with the American culture and this has resulted in them feeling alienated and like outsiders living in America. Some have even gone as far as disassociating themselves completely with their original cultures. The important thing is that there should be a balance between enculturation and acculturation since they both have their advantages and disadvantages. Buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

Robotic Heart Surgery and its Benefits Research Paper

Robotic Heart Surgery and its Benefits - Research Paper Example After all, the perceived increase in financial burdens a more universal health care bill would place on the public – higher taxes, higher costs for businesses, higher co-pay fees, etc. – was the main argument used by the strongest opponents of the bill (Hossain and Quealy, 2010). Implementing change, especially in health care, is always difficult to accomplish for several reasons. As Underdahl (2009) argued in a study, even a seemingly simple procedure as getting a signed informed consent form from a patient can be a tough challenge even in a health care system where the major players are educated and informed professionals. When the change is a new technology, the resistance to change and the difficulty in adapting becomes an even greater challenge, especially when surgeons are involved (Geer, 2000). This is the case with Robotic Heart Surgery or RHS, a new technology that has received mixed reactions from all sectors of the health care field. The purpose of this paper is to show that RHS, one of the â€Å"relatively recent† variations of Minimally-Invasive Cardiac Surgery or MICS, is a beneficial and viable alternative that can help meet the goal of the Health Care Reform Act of 2010: better and affordable health care for more Americans. This paper will show that RHS is better, safer and more acceptable to patients and a new breed of heart surgeons. In addition, despite its high initial costs, RHS can be more economical in the long run and make heart surgery affordable to more patients. These developments would also have an impact on the work of health care professionals. In view of the benefits of RHS, and despite initial opposition of many to the new technology, its wider acceptance must be promoted and steps must be taken to prepare health care practitioners for the potential increase in the number of people availing of the procedure.

Why Money Chases Cheap Labor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Money Chases Cheap Labor - Assignment Example According to Di Stefano, â€Å"capital, the resource that fuels our industries, has to seek the lowest labor costs in order for companies to survive† (â€Å"Why Money Chases Cheap Labor,† Lower Costs sect.). The second part of the article takes the reader to the loci of cheap labor. While America’s own cheap labor was situated in the southern states, Asian countries, such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China, and India, were picking up slowly in the cheap labor market (Di Stefano, â€Å"Why Money Chases Cheap Labor â€Å"). The third and last section of the article stimulates the future of American firms and employment with its section titled as â€Å"Where Are We Headed?† The writer then answers his own question by pointing out that while â€Å"America obviously cannot compete effectively with the labor costs of developing nations,† competition then lies to America’s technology and science sectors (Di Stefano, â€Å"Why Money Chases Cheap Labor†). International Business Issues Outsourcing is considered an international business issue. In fact, its impacts are subject to steamy debates and multi-perspective arguments, which inevitably make it a sensitive issue for the host and headquartered country. Outsourcing sensitivity lies on the border of the gain on the host country and the consequent loss in the headquartered country.

Assignment On Aircraft Power Systems

Assignment On Aircraft Power Systems In this assignment, I intend to provide a brief presentation about the principle of operation of the aircraft electrical power systems, specifically, Integrated Drive Generators (IDG) in a modern aircraft. I will compare and contrast the fluid and electrical methods of power generation and give a brief on the safety precautions to be followed when handling aircraft electrical power supplies and during a functional test. There are various kinds of power generation on an aircraft, namely electrical (generators batteries), fluid (hydraulics pneumatics). Depending upon the application, the power sources may vary. AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The main function of any aircraft electrical system is to generate, regulate and distribute the electrical power in the aircraft. Modern aircrafts use more electrical power as they are equipped with more Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS). This is done so as to reduce pollution in the environment, for a clean and safe flight. Electrical power is used to operate: Aircraft Flight Instrument- Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) Essential Systems- Primary Flight Display (PFD), Navigation Display (ND) Passenger Services- In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) Most of the aircraft systems use a power standard of 115 [emailprotected] 400Hz; 28VDC. There are various electrical power sources on the aircraft: Engine Driven AC Generators (EDG) Auxiliary Power Units (APU) Ram Air Turbine (RAT) Battery Supply External/Ground Supply (Spoor, 2012) Components in an electrical system include: AC Generator/Alternator produces AC power. Constant Speed Drive Unit (CSDU) regulates the rotating speed (input) to deliver a constant output from the engine to the generator. Integrated Drive Generator (IDG), Generator and CSDU connected either coaxially or side-by-side. Mostly coaxial connection. Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) converts the AC power to DC power Generator Control Unit (GCU) monitors and controls the generator output. Each engine powers up one or more generators. Airbus A380 has four engines and four generators. Whereas, Boeing 777 has two engines and two generators. The power produced by these generators is used to power up the entire aircraft. (Boeing, 2012) All the other power sources, except external supply, are used in case of emergencies only. External power supply is used on ground when the engines and the APU are not running. It is supplied via Ground Power Unit (GPU). GPU can be portable or stationary and they provide AC power through the external plug on the nose of the aircraft. They can be used to power up an entire aircraft or a specific area in the aircraft. (Spoor, 2012) Figure : Aircraft Electrical System (Classic Jet Sims, 2012) AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM The principle of a hydraulic system is to convert fluid power into mechanical power and then use it for various applications on the aircraft, such as extension/retraction of landing gears, flaps, and speed and wheel brakes. The power source here is the hydraulic fluid. The pressure for generating the hydraulic power is supplied by the Engine Driven Pump (EDP) and the Electric Motor Driven Pump (EMDP). They are both mounted on the engines. Commonly used hydraulic fluids on the aircraft are: MIL-H-5606 (Mineral Based Fluid) MIL-H-83282 (Synthetic Hydrocarbon Based Fluid) MIL-H-87257 (Same as MIL-H-83282, but it has been improved in its low temperature viscosity) MIL-H-8446 (Phosphate-Ester Based Fluid) (Wikipedia, 2012) Special care must be taken when handling the hydraulic fluid. Some of the hydraulic fluids are skin/eye irritant. Also it is extremely important for the fluid to be free from any contamination for flight safety. Advantages of the hydraulic system as a power source includes: Lightweight Easy installation Simplified Inspection Minimum Maintenance Approximately 100% system efficiency, with only negligible loss due to friction. (EAC, 2012) Figure : Basic Hydraulic System (Free Online Private Pilot Ground School, 2006) COMPARISON OF AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FEATURE ELECTRONIC HYDRAULIC Construction Power is generated by the engine, by rotation of turbine shaft. Power is generated by incompressible hydraulic fluid. Pressure for hydraulic actuation is supplied by EMDP and EDP. Similar to that of an electric circuit. Components include: Generators/Alternators, Batteries, Switches, Bus bars, Fuses, Circuit Breakers, Voltage Regulators, Ammeters, and Wires. (Free Online Private Pilot Ground School, 2006) Components include: Reservoir, Pump, Hydraulic Fluid, Accumulators, Actuators, Filters, Hydraulic Fuses, Tubing, Pipes, Valves, and Seals. Uses Lights, Radio Equipment, Indicators, Warning Systems, Heaters, Starting motor. (FlightLearnings, 2012) Extension/retraction of landing gears, flaps, and speed and wheel brakes. Principle of Operation Generate, Regulate and Distribute electrical power generated. Work is done by moving an incompressible fluid, Pascals Law. (EAC, 2012) EMERGENCY DEPLOYMENTS IN EVENT OF GENERATOR(S) FAILURE In case of main engine driven generator (EDP) failure, there are various methods to ensure continued power supply for safe landing: Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Ram Air Turbine (RAT) Battery When the main engine generators fail, APU or RAT is deployed. When the secondary methods fail, batteries are used as the last resort for a safe landing and evacuation. AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU) Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) is a small gas turbine engine which provides electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic power (depending on the design) for ground or in-flight operations. It is also used as a backup source in emergency situations. It is commonly found on large aircrafts. It is usually located in the tail end of the aircraft. When started, it normally runs on 100% speed. It produces 115VAC @ 400Hz. Some can also generate 28VDC. The main purpose of the APU is to start the engines in the aircraft. This is because the engine requires high rotational speed for its self-sustaining operation. In this case, APU is started by battery or hydraulic accumulator and then used to generate the necessary rotational speed. It is also used to run the equipment when the engines are shutdown. This is used for air conditioning for the passengers prior to engine start. However, it can also be connected to a hydraulic pump to power up hydraulic equipment (flaps and flight controls). (Wikipedia 2012) RAM AIR TURBINE (RAT) Ram Air Turbine is a small airflow driven turbine that is connected to either a hydraulic pump or an emergency alternator or a main generator. In normal flight, it is stowed away in closed compartment in wing or fuselage. It is deployed only when there is total power loss due to engine failures. It provides enough power to run the critical systems, such as, flight controls. The power generated by the RAT depends on the airspeed. More the speed, more the power generated will be. Some aircrafts use RAT in normal operation. For example, in crop dusting RAT is used to power up the chemical sprayer. (Wikipedia, 2012) BATTERY Aircraft batteries are used to start the engines or the APU. But they are also used in emergency situations as a last resort for safe landing. There have been cases where it has been used to restart the engines even after engine flame-out. They also act as a buffer for the DC connections. It regulates the voltage to ensure the power quality for the equipment connected to it. Two types of batteries are used in aircrafts today, Lead-acid and Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd). Lead-acid batteries are either valve regulated or vented. They are used in light and general aircrafts. Ni-Cd batteries are used in larger aircrafts. Lead-acid batteries are generally heavier and have less capacity than the Ni-Cd ones. (Dr. Thomas, 2010) Figure : Lead-Acid Battery (Chief Aircraft, 2012) Figure 4: Nickel-Cadmium Battery (Surplustraders.net, 2012) AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM USING FREQUENCY WILD AC GENERATOR From 1950s to early 1960s some turboprop aircrafts used frequency wild, now Variable Frequency (VF) system. Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner are some of the modern civil aviation aircrafts that have adopted the VF system again. Figure : Simplified Frequency Wild System (Scribd, 2012) CONSTRUCTION As shown in Fig.4, the Variable Frequency Generator (VFG) is directly connected to the engine gear box. (Langlois, 2004) states: VFG is a conventional wound rotor synchronous alternator. There is no CSD or IDG in this system. This is done so as to improve the reliability of the system and also to reduce the weight of the aircraft. Airbus A380 uses aluminium cables instead of copper for weight reduction. The system is also fully computerized. Contactors and Breakers have been replaced by solid-state devices for increased reliability and performance (Global Aircraft, 2012). OPERATION Frequency Wild AC power can only be supplied to the resistive circuits such as the electrical heater, engine de-icing heaters, windshield heating, etc. as shown in Fig. 4. The AC power generated is sent to the TRU where the voltage is stepped down from 360Hz-760Hz (Langlois, 2004) to 28V and then rectified to DC voltage. Then it is used by the DC components. CONTROL PROTECTION A traditional Constant Frequency unit has only a constant frequency of 400Hz voltage supply. A constant speed drive unit drives the generator. It is also expensive and not easy to maintain. A VFG is flexible as it can handle a range of frequencies rather than a constant one. In this unit, there is no CSD or IDG. It is more advantageous over Constant Frequency Unit because: It has low maintenance Long lifespan Cheaper Process temperature is controlled within VFG itself. Equipment protection from excess torque damage The variable frequency generator (VFG) is used on applications with a high percentage of resistive AC or DC loads and provides power to many of the next generation aircraft. Hamilton Sundstrands variable frequency starter generator (VFSG) and motor controller system provides main engine start and control. The voltage is controlled around the generator. This is done by controlling field strength of the AC generator by feedback signal from the voltage regulator, which keeps the voltage constant irrespective of the speed and load variations. VFGs are preferred over DC systems because they were much less affected by poor brush performance at higher altitudes and they had better power to weight ratio. AC/DC ELECTRIC MOTORS AND ACTUATORS PERFORMANCE DC actuators are typically high-speed reversible series-wound motors. Their output is converted to driving torque using step-down gearbox. These motor actuators are self-contained units, as they combine both electrical and mechanical devices. They can exert linear thrust over a short distance. AC MOTOR DC MOTOR