Retributive Justice Essay

Retributive justice is a very pronounced element in Charles Dickens’ novel, Oliver Twist. Common knowledge to the experienced reader, Dickens was a man of sarcasm, who played on words and had a very straightforward, honest way of writing, unlike most of his characters’ personalities. Oliver Twist, who led a twisted lifestyle as a young boy, was influenced by various people: some good, some bad. Like karma, Dickens made sure to give the dishonest, viciously cruel characters what they truly deserved, which may have been just about the only honest thing to happen in their lives. Some of these characters who were treated the way they treated others, or who got what they deserved, were Mr. Bumble, Bill Sikes, Monks, as well as Fagin. Without retributive justice being a key element in Dickens’ novel, its classic success in the world of literacy would be virtually non-existent. One of the novel’s characters, who is most present at the beginning of the story, was a victim of one of Dickens’ swift acts of retributive justice. Mr. Bumble was a self-absorbed, arrogant beadle, who thought rather highly of himself. He was a member of the workhouse in which Oliver was born. He was also a member of a Christian church, who preached about the moralities of Christians, yet bluntly contradicted himself with the manner in which he treated his paupers. He was cruel, the complete opposite of understanding, and showed absolutely no signs of compassion towards the people under his care. Dickens used his great understanding and knowledge in the use of name symbolism in the beadle’s name, â€Å"bumble†, to say that he stings like a bumblebee. Bumblebees may seem cute and fluffy on the outside, but when they sting, they hurt, much like Mr. Bumble’s personality. Dickens demonstrates Mr. Bumbles’ cold-hearted, stinging personality when h e says: Oliver fell to his knees, and clasping his hands together, prayed that they would order  him back to the dark room- that they would starve him- beat him- kill him if they pleased- rather than send him away with the dreadful man. Read more:  Essay About Justice Denied is Justice Delayed â€Å"Well!† said Mr. Bumble, raising his hands and eyes with most impressive solemnity. â€Å"Well! of all the artful and designing orphans that ever I see, Oliver, you are one of the most bare-facedest†. (Dickens 46) He received Dickens’ generous retributive justice when he ran away with Mrs. Corney, the matron of the workhouse, where Oliver was born. Mrs. Corney was basically in charge of the workhouse and put Mr. Bumble in his place when he entered. He decided to try to order the ladies around after seeing them chatting amongst each other and Mrs. Corney wanted none of it. She quickly dismissed his, self-declared power, in front of all the workers. â€Å"I’ll tell you what, Mr. Bumble,† returned his lady. â€Å"We don’t want any of your interference. You’re a great deal too fond of poking your nose into things that don’t concern you, making everybody in the house laugh the moment your back is turned, and making yourself loo k like a fool every hour in the day. Be off; come!†. (Dickens 324) This is an example of one of Dickens’ acts of retributive justice because Mr. Bumble – who’s used to having the authority and power that came with him being a beadle – was quickly and painfully taken away of the power he thought he had gained, by marrying Mrs. Corney. Another example of Dickens’ mischievous acts of retributive justice occurs to Bill Sikes. Sikes considered himself a â€Å"professional† burglar, which wouldn’t be so bad if being a burglar could be considered anything positive. He was brought up in Fagin’s gang and trained by Fagin, himself. Sikes is Nancy’s so-called, â€Å"lover†. He treats this young woman with a rather odd combination of cruelty and envious affection. Sikes gets the real sense of Dickens’ capabilities in his use of retributive justice after he brutally murders Nancy. While trying to avoid an angry mob of people, who have recently discovered that his identity is a match to Nancy’s murderer, he then accidentally hangs himself. Not only does his name imply that Sikes is somewhat psychotic, but he proves this to the readers. While attempting to evade the angry mob, he decides to climb up through buildings, rather than away. He ties a rope to swing to another roof-top, but mistakenly and regretfully hangs himself. Staggering as if struck by lightning, he lost his balance and tumbled over the parapet. The noose was on his neck. It ran up with his weight, tight as a bow-string and swift as the arrow speeds. He  fell for five-and-thirty feet. There was a sudden jerk, a terrific convulsion of the limbs; and there he hung, with the open knife clenched in his stiffening hand. (Dickens 453) Dickens couldn’t have used retributive justice any better. He literally allowed Sikes through his clever writing abilities get treated the way he treated another person. Although, Sikes’ death was somewhat more brutal than Nancy’s he could have easily prevented his own death, had he not chosen to take his â€Å"lover’s† life. Dickens’ didn’t just give the readers two scenes with acts of nemesis. On the contrary, he gave the readers numerous ones, some less apparent, dramatic or damaging than others, yet still present. One example of the less apparent demonstrations of Dickens’ power with retributive justice happened to Monks, whose formal name is Edward Leeford. Monks, who happens to be Oliver Twist’s half-brother through their father’s side, was awarded part of Mr. Leeford’s estate after his passing. Oliver was rightfully entitled to a portion of the estate, but on the condition that the family name’s reputation hadn’t gone wrong. Monks, by concealing Oliver’s true identity, along with his plan to give the young boy a bad reputation, prevented Oliver from being awarded his fair share. When Mr. Brownlow approached Monks about the will, Monks denied everything Mr. Brownlow had mentioned and stated the following sentence: â€Å"’I have n o brother,’ replied Monks. You know I was an only child. Why do you talk to me of my brother? You know that as well as I’† (Dickens 434). In the end though, with the help of Mr. Brownlow, Dickens permits Oliver to be awarded his share of the estate, by forcing Monks to give Oliver his share. A final act of nemesis, or retributive justice on Dickens’ part, occurs when Fagin is hanged for his crimes against the children he trained to be pickpockets and thieves. Fagin, who was a criminal by career, bought and sold, even traded stolen goods that the young children he had trained, stole. Fagin even stated: â€Å"Ah†¦ They- they’re mine, Oliver; my little poverty. All I have to live upon, in my old age. The folks call me a miser. Only a miser, that’s all† (Dickens 90). When Fagin said this, Dickens’ made sure that it was obvious to the reader that he was being very sarcastic. Towards the ending of the book – even though he had rarely committed the  crimes himself – Fagin is awarded his piece of justice that backfired with his previous statement, when he is hanged behind bars. In conclusion, Dickens was probably one of the greatest authors of all classic literature; not only for his novels and other pieces of literature, but also for the various ways he easily incorporated literary components: pathetic fallacy, verbal irony and sensory appeal. More particularly, his use of nemesis and retributive justice in his works such as this novel, Oliver Twist, is what made him such a great writer. From Mr. Bumble to Fagin and all other characters in between, like Monks and Sikes, Charles Dickens didn’t hold back any of his talents. This let the readers truly get involved in the reading of this novel and also keeping them from wanting to put the book down, until they had absorbed every last word of his clever and humoristic abilities.

Testing the Principle of Proxemics

I went to a Tim Horton set beside a woman. I set in a casual distance of 2. 5 to 3 feet next to her without talking. She looked at me and smile. Without talking I started observing her. She had a quick and careful glance at me, a suspicious look. She seemed scared and not normal. By looking at her face, I felt that probably she takes drugs. Without saying anything, she just walked out. The way she walked out, it seemed like she got scared of me for some reason. Next day I went to the same place and set facing a man who was alone.Without talking to that man I started reading the newspaper (just to show him that I am reading newspaper, actually I was observing him). He looked at me multiple times and was smiling. Seemed like he wanted to start a conversation. The goal of interview is to gather information which typically designed to allow the interviewer to learn about the interviewee in a non-threatening way. On the other side an interrogation is a more aggressive interview, in the se nse that the same ultimate goal is present as with an interview, but the means of reaching that goal take on a slightly different feel.The role of proxemics in meeting these goals are very significant. Increasing the amount of eye contact, the feeling of comfort and the amount of verbal response by the interviewee have been goals of investigators in designing interview situations. There is less eye contact at closer distances and less eye contact when the interview is conducted in a large room. In one study, when the interview was performed at distances between the interviewer and interviewee of 2 feet, 4'/z feet, and 9 feet, the greatest amount of talking by the interviewee occurred at 9 feet.Rapport always affects the quality of the interviewing process. It is a productive interpersonal climate. By building report both parties in an interview get along with each other which makes the interview more successful. An interviewee is more likely to cooperate with someone with whom they feel comfortable and to bring this comfort rapport is an essential thing. Rapport-building establishes harmony in the interview, leads to free discussion and creates willingness in the mind of the interviewee.Some forms of non-verbal communications for developing rapport are given bellow: 1. Smile 2. Eye contract. 3. Good Posture. 4. Tone of Voice Good eye contact and confidence are the personal qualities of the interviewer that enable him or her to conduct successful interrogations. Also an interviewer should be able to listen what the interviewee is saying, and know how to engage them in an active conversation with encouragement, energy, and interest.

The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1505 Words

The main idea of The Scarlett Letter novel is â€Å"sin and its impacts† on both individual and society which is demonstrated through its characters Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth. This main idea hailed from the author’s deep rooted puritanism. Hawthorne illustrated different levels of his main idea through his three characters. Each of the main characters are guilty of one kind of sin such as sin of adultery (Hester Prynne), sin of hypocrisy (Arthur Dimmesdale) and sin of vengeance (Roger Chillingworth). In this novel, the main character Hester Prynne has been punished for her sin of adultery. Nathaniel Hawthorne insists that all of us are sinners as per the strict puritan principles but some are punished severely. A main question among the readers is why this young woman alone punished harshly for a moral wrong doing. He states in The Scarlet Letter In the view of Infinite Purity, we are sinners all alike. Hester Prynne was a young women living in the â€Å"New World† in Puritan community. Her husband Roger Chillingworth was believed to be lost at the sea and died. Hester as a young widow committed a crime of adultery with her fellow Minister Arthur Dimmesdale which resulted in the birth of her daughter Pearl. When the â€Å"New World† people became aware of her sins she was punished with imprisonment and they made her wear the scarlet letter â€Å"A† for her adultery as a punishment. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne feels. Hester was also asked to wear theShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Student Retention Is A Growing Problem - 1297 Words

Many colleges and universities throughout the United States and several other countries face a common problem. Student retention is a growing problem across the nation for all ethnic groups and all ages. Each individual who chooses to drop out of school has their own personal reasons as to why they do. However, many drops out can be completely avoided. When students drop out they are not clearly thinking about how it’s going to affect their future, the future of their children and even grandchildren. Although there are several reasons as to why students drop out of school, we will be exploring a few as it relates to why student retention is a growing problem. Transitioning into higher education presents challenges for all students, whether it’s their age or previous educational history. Numerous individuals are extremely nervous as they are entering into an advanced environment such as higher education. This because college is a new learning environment at a completely different level. However, freshmen find college to be difficult at first because it’s harder for them to adjust. That’s why many universities should have student centers in place to help students. Student centers give students the pathway for flexible learning as it results in being successful in higher education (BauÃ… ¾ienÄâ€" VosyliÃ… «tÄâ€" 2015). Lin and Tsai (2008) used a quantitative approach to understanding student retention; however, they used their research to understand students’ loyalty. As fast asShow MoreRelatedAnalytics : A Major Aspect Of Higher Education895 Words   |  4 Pagesservice a multitude of students therefore analytics is an essential tool to keep track of the progress of the students as well as the services that they are provided. The boom of community colleges utilizing analytics occurred in 2004 with the Achieve the Dream initiative. Achieving the Dream was created with the attentions of providing resources for students who â€Å"traditionally have faced the most significant barriers to success, including low-income students and students of color† (www.mdrc.org)Read MoreIntroduction. Historically Black Colleges And Universities1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) are experiencing low retention rates with first generation college students. The students are not graduating within a four to six year enrollment period, and or are not returning after their freshmen year. As the American workforce looks to colleges and universities to fulfill the workforce pipeline with educated diverse workers, HBCUs are in the spotlight to produce qualified minority graduates. Moreover, HBCU’s are looking to refineRead MoreIzmir National University1188 Words   |  5 Pageswithin recent years. 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Thousands of students across the country have taken to going to school online, thinking that they are receiving the same quality of education as a student in a traditional classroom. What they do not knowRead MoreThe Importance of Education685 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Student attrition: Presentation Sometimes, the most important part of life is just showing up. This old clichÃÆ' © is also true about getting an education: once students have been accepted to an institution, they need to show up to their classes, and continue to show up throughout their academic lives at the institution. However, when students drop out of school, they usually do so by the end of their first year. This is true of transfers as well as new freshman. 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The American Education System Education - 1438 Words

American Education System Education plays important role in society. It determines the final development of an adult’s personality. In today’s society most jobs require a University degree. To receive a University degree students need to rely on a good education system. Does America provide this? The American education system has relied on the grade point average system for a long time. The problem with this is there is not a universal GPA grade point system varying from course to course. This creates an inaccurate way to determine ones overall achievements. Teachers have different standards than others, grade inflation can occur and students can be exposed to different learning environments. Does the education system need to change to create fairness? The American education system has not changed drastically since the 1900s. In the early 1900’s before grading, teachers were expected to communicate in depth to their students on how they were doing in the class. This worked well for small groups and individual tutoring. The ability for this information to be passed on to those who were not involved with the learning process, such as employers and parents was limited. By the mid 20th century schools changed drastically as they introduced grades in the form of letters. The American schools now became more standardized as A, B, C, D and F represented ones grade. Depending what percentage a student received determined letter they got. An example is an A is a mark of 90-100%Show MoreRelatedAmerican Education System Of Education852 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult to understand the American system of education and the how to cope with American students. To make foreign students understand and able to cope with the American higher e ducation system, the author explains some assumption that is behind the education system. 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The educational system has taken a backseat when it comes to funding prisons; youths have chosen to live a life of crime, as education has become less substantial than money and resources allocated to prisons. Although television shows such as Lock Up or Lock Down expose the harsh realities of the wars that are ongoing in prison, the war on education has taken a substantialRead MoreThe American education system2584 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿The American education system requires that students complete 12 years of primary and secondary education prior to attending university or college.   Although admission policies vary from one university to the next, most determine admission based on several criteria, including a student s high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT or ACT exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview. 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Marketing Principles Demographics Segmentation

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principlesfor Demographics Segmentation. Answer: Analysis of Segmentation Variables In order to approach to the target customer appropriately, the management of Hamilton sunscreen group needs to use segmentation marketing strategy. There are five types of market segmentation variables such as demographics, psychographics, geographic, usage- rate and benefit segmentation (Kumar 2015). These five types of segmentation variables can be applied for this sunscreen product so that it can be offered to a huge range of Australian population. Demographics Segmentation The demographic segmentation is done by the business organizations based on the demography or the individual qualities of the inhabitants of a locality. Summer has been the prime season in Australia, therefore, the inhabitants also need to protect their skins from the harmful ultra-violate rays of the sun (Grnroos and Gummerus 2014). As this company offers various sunscreen lotions in accordance with the skin types, it can rightfully segment their consumers in different categories based on their skin types. Psychographics Segmentation Psychographics segmentation refers to the strategy to differentiate target customers as per their common interest and community activities. Hamilton sunscreen product can effectively approach to the Australian consumers with their assurance to soothe the sunburn skins (Moriarty et al. 2014). Geographic Segmentation Geographic marketing segmentation suggests to the geographic divisions. Hamilton sunscreen products have the potential to approach to almost every state of Australia. Usage-Rate Segmentation In order to do usage rate segmentation for Hamilton sunscreen products, the management needs to identify the heavy, light and non-users of their product so that they can make suitable promotional strategy for their heavy consumers (Kubacki et al. 2015). Benefit Segmentation Benefit segmentation is done by providing the consumers enough beneficial reasons to buy a product. As this sunscreen product sooths the sunburn skin along with moisturizing it, it can easily do this benefit segmentation among Australian consumers based on their skin type (Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski 2014). Analysis of Targeting Strategy Among the four specific targeting strategies such as undifferentiated marketing, concentrated marketing, differentiated marketing and customized marketing, Hamilton Sunscreen Company can utilize differentiated marketing. This type of marketing strategy allows the organizations to develop suitable marketing mix for their multi-segmented consumers. In such cases, the organizations aim to approach all or some of their segmented market (Moriarty et al. 2014). In the case of Hamilton Sunscreen Company, it aims to approach to all their segmented consumers, so that they can increase their sales rate by increasing their popularity among Australian people (Pike, 2015). Therefore, they need to develop five different marketing mixes so that they can effectively approach to their five segmented consumers. In such case, separate brands also need to be developed for their each selected segmented market. This targeting strategy seems to enable this organization to increase their sales along with the profit rate, manufacturing costs of the products and also the helps to increase the market share (Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski 2014). However, for this reason, this organization needs to increase their productivity; marketing costs and also needs to improve their innovative strategies for the product, promotional strategies and marketing research. As this strategy requires, a huge hike in the productivity, this organization needs to increase their production costs (Kumar 2015). Before using this targeting strategy, they also need to calculate their gross profit and loss amount if they use it for the marketing of their product. In this way, they can ensure a hike in their profit and sales rate by reducing the chances of any financial loss in near future. Analysis of Positional Bases From the viewpoint of Pike (2015), positioning of a product in the business market bases depends upon the certain factors such as price and quality of the product, attribute, product user, application, class of the product and competitor. In order to hold a prominent market position, Hamilton Sunscreen Company needs to maintain the quality of their product along with controlling the price. In this way, they can acquire maximum consumers (Moriarty et al. 2014). This factor will automatically come under the attribute. Figure 1: Positioning bases (Source: Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski 2014) This organization needs to ensure that their product has a smooth application procedure by evaluating the feedbacks of their consumers. On the other hand, by evaluating the user rate of their product, this organization can identify the class of their product in the cosmetic market of Australia (Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski 2014). In order to understand the user rate, this organization needs to conduct a market survey with which they can successfully identify their market positioning. This understanding will help them to determine their required marketing strategy with which they can earn more profit rate (Kumar 2015). On the contrary, by benchmarking the sales arte of their competitors, Hamilton Sunscreen Company can understand their current market position. For example, it faces tough competition from LaRoche-Posay which offers SPF 60 with oil-free and dry touch sunscreen feature. Therefore, if this organization improves their product by following the special attributes of other organizations, it will be able to approach the consumers in a better way (Kubacki et al. 2015). Reference List Challagalla, G., Murtha, B.R. and Jaworski, B., 2014. Marketing doctrine: a principles-based approach to guiding marketing decision making in firms.Journal of Marketing,78(4), pp.4-20 Grnroos, C. and Gummerus, J., 2014. The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic vs service-dominant logic.Managing service quality,24(3), pp.206-229 Kubacki, K., Rundle-Thiele, S., Lahtinen, V. and Parkinson, J., 2015. A systematic review assessing the extent of social marketing principle use in interventions targeting children (2000-2014).Young Consumers,16(2), pp.141-158 Kumar, V., 2015. Evolution of marketing as a discipline: What has happened and what to look out for.Journal of Marketing,79(1), pp.1-9 Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia Pike, S., 2015.Destination marketing. Routledge

Waiting For Godot By Beckett Essays - Theatre Of The Absurd

Waiting For Godot By Beckett Authors use different techniques in their wittings. Samuel Beckett uses allusions and references to characters to help the reader understand what the characters represent. In his drama Waiting for Godot, Beckett's two main characters, Estragon and Vladimir, are symbolized as man. Separate they are two different sides of man, but together they represent man as a whole. In Waiting for Godot, Beckett uses Estragon and Vladimir to symbolize man's physical and mental state. Estragon represents the physical side of man, while Vladimir represents the intellectual side of man. In each way these two look for answers shows their side of man. Estragon has his shoes. Vladimir has his hat. When Estragon takes off his shoes ?he peers inside it, feels about inside it, turns it upside sown, shakes it...?1. Through this action it is relevant that Estragon is searching for something from his boot, but unable to recognize it. This symbolizes man's side of using physical ability to answer questions. Vladimir on the other hand continues to look into his hat. Vladirmir constantly ?Takes off his hat, peers inside it, feels about inside it, shakes it, puts it on again?2. Through this action Vladimir is shown to be searching for answers in his hat, which symbolizes his using knowledge and his intellectual capability for solving problems. Both Estragon and Vladimir are searching for what the reader assumes to be the key to life's problems. When they continue to do this throughout the drama, it expresses the fact that they are searching and will continue to search until they find what they are looking for. Vladimir is more practical, and Estragon is more of a romantic. In the drama, Estragon wants to talk about his dreams. Vladimir doesn't want to. He can not stand to hear about the dreams that Estragon has. When Estragon wakes up from falling asleep he says ?I had a dream?. Vladimir answers with ?Don't tell me?3. Another example is that Estragon often forgets events as soon as they happen or within a day, while Vladimir, on the other hand, remember past events4. This is shown when Pozzo and Lucky enter into the scene in the second act. Estragon and Vladimir see two men coming. Vladimir recognizes it as Pozzo, from the day before, but Estragon does not recognize him. The conversation starts with Vladimir: Poor Pozzo I knew it was him Who? Godot. But it's not Godot. It's not Godot? It's not Godot. Then who is it? It's Pozzo5. This exchange in dialog shows that Estragon does not recognize Pozzo, and Vladimir has to tell Estragon who it is. The two of them are dependent on each other. Estragon is beaten every night by mysterious men. Vladimir acts as his protector. He sings to him, helps him take off his boots, and covers him with his jacket6. Every night they part, yet they find each other every morning and start another day of waiting. In each act, Estragon and Vladimir talk about hanging themselves form the tree. During this exchange of words, Estragon suggest that they hang themselves from a near by tree. Vladimir is the one who is particle and explains why they can't hang themselves. The physical side and the intellectual side is shown through Estragon's and Vladimir's actions, as well as their words. They have a friend ship that is bonded by their differences. Without one another they would be lost, just like without the intellectual side of man, the physical side would be lost, and visa versa. Bibliography 1 Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot (New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1954) 8 left. 2 Beckett 8 left. 3 Beckett 11 left. 4 Martin Esslin, ?The Search for the Self,? Modern Critical Interpretations Waiting for Godot, ed. Harold Bloom (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987) 29. 5 Beckett 50 right. 6 Esslin 29 Bibliography Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1954. Esslin, Martin ?The Search for the Self.? Modern Critical Interpretations Waiting for Godot. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 1987.