Khufu A Painting by Sam Gilliam Essay Example

Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam Essay Medium The artist used acrylic paint on canvas, it gives the picture a nice clean cut and looks like it was just painted yesterday instead of in the mid !960’s. It was a smart move on the part of the artist because acrylics can dry fast, they are thin, and resistant to cracking when the climate changes and it will also not darken or yellow over time, acrylics can also stick to a wide variety of surfaces. Line The artist utilizes line and color edges in this painting. He uses white lines in between the colors to show the colors getting closer and to separate the colors so they don’t mix. He uses a lot of colors in this painting and they all seem to be uniform in the fact of, they all start out small in the upper corner and get bigger, by the time they reach the other corner. He uses lines to control the vision of the audience and create depth on a flat canvas. We will write a custom essay sample on Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Khufu: A Painting by Sam Gilliam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Form The form that he uses in the paintingreminds me of Pink Floyd’s dark side of the moon album, were it reminds me of light shining through a prism and splitting itinto the light spectrum that our eyes can see, the lines create the illusion that its going off into the distance, when in fact there just getting smaller. Color The artist uses 5 hues which are orange, blue, pink, red and yellow. He uses all the primary colors (red, blue, yellow) in the painting along with a secondary (orange) and a tertiary (pink) in his painting. By having these certain hues that complement each other, for example, orange and blue are across each other on the color wheel so they are complimentary colors. As is red and yellow being complimentary to one another. The overall palette is soothing in a way to me because of the colors he used, they work together to create a good painting. Repetition The Rhythm in painting is very obvious, the artist uses the same type of lines to separate the different colors in the same pattern of putting the white in between the colors, and that’s a

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay There were several immigrants who moved to America in the 20th century. After the 1890 depression, the number of immigrants to the US almost doubled. There were immigrants from all over the world with distinct races, ethnicities and national groups; these were Jews, Latin Americans, Europeans, Asians and also African Americans. The immigrants came to America for various reasons including escape from political persecution, religious freedom, and economic reasons, among others. Having come from various parts of the world, the immigrants found a different culture in America, very different from their own. The immigrants were then faced with the hard task of deciding whether to assimilate culturally or to preserve their own cultures. A majority of the immigrants assimilated into the American culture, especially the women who intermarried. Assimilation in this case meant the abandoning of their cultures and adopting a new dominant one. However, some like the Hispanics maintained most of t heir cultural aspects, mainly because of the close proximity to their original homeland. The assimilation brought with it many effects including psychological adjustments. The immigrants seemed to have abandoned their origins and tradition which was seen as a negative thing. The assimilation was also seen to have helped many of the immigrants settle well in America; feeling as American as the natives. Enculturation is defined as the practice of knowing ones original culture (Korzenny 1998). Enculturation can be either in favor of ones own culture or of the foreign or dominant culture. Most immigrants nowadays try to teach their children their original cultures while still acculturating the American culture. The enculturation has mostly served to help the immigrants generations to understand where they came from and also appreciate other cultures. Enculturation creates open mindedness and broad knowledge. Enculturation has mostly been beneficial in psychological development but to so me extent it has caused psychological instability. Introduction of many cultures from early childhood leaves some of the children feeling confused as they are not able to identify with either of the cultures. Some Americans with foreign cultures have also found it hard to fit in their original cultures with the American culture and this has resulted in them feeling alienated and like outsiders living in America. Some have even gone as far as disassociating themselves completely with their original cultures. The important thing is that there should be a balance between enculturation and acculturation since they both have their advantages and disadvantages. Buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

Robotic Heart Surgery and its Benefits Research Paper

Robotic Heart Surgery and its Benefits - Research Paper Example After all, the perceived increase in financial burdens a more universal health care bill would place on the public – higher taxes, higher costs for businesses, higher co-pay fees, etc. – was the main argument used by the strongest opponents of the bill (Hossain and Quealy, 2010). Implementing change, especially in health care, is always difficult to accomplish for several reasons. As Underdahl (2009) argued in a study, even a seemingly simple procedure as getting a signed informed consent form from a patient can be a tough challenge even in a health care system where the major players are educated and informed professionals. When the change is a new technology, the resistance to change and the difficulty in adapting becomes an even greater challenge, especially when surgeons are involved (Geer, 2000). This is the case with Robotic Heart Surgery or RHS, a new technology that has received mixed reactions from all sectors of the health care field. The purpose of this paper is to show that RHS, one of the â€Å"relatively recent† variations of Minimally-Invasive Cardiac Surgery or MICS, is a beneficial and viable alternative that can help meet the goal of the Health Care Reform Act of 2010: better and affordable health care for more Americans. This paper will show that RHS is better, safer and more acceptable to patients and a new breed of heart surgeons. In addition, despite its high initial costs, RHS can be more economical in the long run and make heart surgery affordable to more patients. These developments would also have an impact on the work of health care professionals. In view of the benefits of RHS, and despite initial opposition of many to the new technology, its wider acceptance must be promoted and steps must be taken to prepare health care practitioners for the potential increase in the number of people availing of the procedure.

Why Money Chases Cheap Labor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Money Chases Cheap Labor - Assignment Example According to Di Stefano, â€Å"capital, the resource that fuels our industries, has to seek the lowest labor costs in order for companies to survive† (â€Å"Why Money Chases Cheap Labor,† Lower Costs sect.). The second part of the article takes the reader to the loci of cheap labor. While America’s own cheap labor was situated in the southern states, Asian countries, such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China, and India, were picking up slowly in the cheap labor market (Di Stefano, â€Å"Why Money Chases Cheap Labor â€Å"). The third and last section of the article stimulates the future of American firms and employment with its section titled as â€Å"Where Are We Headed?† The writer then answers his own question by pointing out that while â€Å"America obviously cannot compete effectively with the labor costs of developing nations,† competition then lies to America’s technology and science sectors (Di Stefano, â€Å"Why Money Chases Cheap Labor†). International Business Issues Outsourcing is considered an international business issue. In fact, its impacts are subject to steamy debates and multi-perspective arguments, which inevitably make it a sensitive issue for the host and headquartered country. Outsourcing sensitivity lies on the border of the gain on the host country and the consequent loss in the headquartered country.

Assignment On Aircraft Power Systems

Assignment On Aircraft Power Systems In this assignment, I intend to provide a brief presentation about the principle of operation of the aircraft electrical power systems, specifically, Integrated Drive Generators (IDG) in a modern aircraft. I will compare and contrast the fluid and electrical methods of power generation and give a brief on the safety precautions to be followed when handling aircraft electrical power supplies and during a functional test. There are various kinds of power generation on an aircraft, namely electrical (generators batteries), fluid (hydraulics pneumatics). Depending upon the application, the power sources may vary. AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The main function of any aircraft electrical system is to generate, regulate and distribute the electrical power in the aircraft. Modern aircrafts use more electrical power as they are equipped with more Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS). This is done so as to reduce pollution in the environment, for a clean and safe flight. Electrical power is used to operate: Aircraft Flight Instrument- Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) Essential Systems- Primary Flight Display (PFD), Navigation Display (ND) Passenger Services- In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) Most of the aircraft systems use a power standard of 115 [emailprotected] 400Hz; 28VDC. There are various electrical power sources on the aircraft: Engine Driven AC Generators (EDG) Auxiliary Power Units (APU) Ram Air Turbine (RAT) Battery Supply External/Ground Supply (Spoor, 2012) Components in an electrical system include: AC Generator/Alternator produces AC power. Constant Speed Drive Unit (CSDU) regulates the rotating speed (input) to deliver a constant output from the engine to the generator. Integrated Drive Generator (IDG), Generator and CSDU connected either coaxially or side-by-side. Mostly coaxial connection. Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) converts the AC power to DC power Generator Control Unit (GCU) monitors and controls the generator output. Each engine powers up one or more generators. Airbus A380 has four engines and four generators. Whereas, Boeing 777 has two engines and two generators. The power produced by these generators is used to power up the entire aircraft. (Boeing, 2012) All the other power sources, except external supply, are used in case of emergencies only. External power supply is used on ground when the engines and the APU are not running. It is supplied via Ground Power Unit (GPU). GPU can be portable or stationary and they provide AC power through the external plug on the nose of the aircraft. They can be used to power up an entire aircraft or a specific area in the aircraft. (Spoor, 2012) Figure : Aircraft Electrical System (Classic Jet Sims, 2012) AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM The principle of a hydraulic system is to convert fluid power into mechanical power and then use it for various applications on the aircraft, such as extension/retraction of landing gears, flaps, and speed and wheel brakes. The power source here is the hydraulic fluid. The pressure for generating the hydraulic power is supplied by the Engine Driven Pump (EDP) and the Electric Motor Driven Pump (EMDP). They are both mounted on the engines. Commonly used hydraulic fluids on the aircraft are: MIL-H-5606 (Mineral Based Fluid) MIL-H-83282 (Synthetic Hydrocarbon Based Fluid) MIL-H-87257 (Same as MIL-H-83282, but it has been improved in its low temperature viscosity) MIL-H-8446 (Phosphate-Ester Based Fluid) (Wikipedia, 2012) Special care must be taken when handling the hydraulic fluid. Some of the hydraulic fluids are skin/eye irritant. Also it is extremely important for the fluid to be free from any contamination for flight safety. Advantages of the hydraulic system as a power source includes: Lightweight Easy installation Simplified Inspection Minimum Maintenance Approximately 100% system efficiency, with only negligible loss due to friction. (EAC, 2012) Figure : Basic Hydraulic System (Free Online Private Pilot Ground School, 2006) COMPARISON OF AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FEATURE ELECTRONIC HYDRAULIC Construction Power is generated by the engine, by rotation of turbine shaft. Power is generated by incompressible hydraulic fluid. Pressure for hydraulic actuation is supplied by EMDP and EDP. Similar to that of an electric circuit. Components include: Generators/Alternators, Batteries, Switches, Bus bars, Fuses, Circuit Breakers, Voltage Regulators, Ammeters, and Wires. (Free Online Private Pilot Ground School, 2006) Components include: Reservoir, Pump, Hydraulic Fluid, Accumulators, Actuators, Filters, Hydraulic Fuses, Tubing, Pipes, Valves, and Seals. Uses Lights, Radio Equipment, Indicators, Warning Systems, Heaters, Starting motor. (FlightLearnings, 2012) Extension/retraction of landing gears, flaps, and speed and wheel brakes. Principle of Operation Generate, Regulate and Distribute electrical power generated. Work is done by moving an incompressible fluid, Pascals Law. (EAC, 2012) EMERGENCY DEPLOYMENTS IN EVENT OF GENERATOR(S) FAILURE In case of main engine driven generator (EDP) failure, there are various methods to ensure continued power supply for safe landing: Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Ram Air Turbine (RAT) Battery When the main engine generators fail, APU or RAT is deployed. When the secondary methods fail, batteries are used as the last resort for a safe landing and evacuation. AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU) Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) is a small gas turbine engine which provides electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic power (depending on the design) for ground or in-flight operations. It is also used as a backup source in emergency situations. It is commonly found on large aircrafts. It is usually located in the tail end of the aircraft. When started, it normally runs on 100% speed. It produces 115VAC @ 400Hz. Some can also generate 28VDC. The main purpose of the APU is to start the engines in the aircraft. This is because the engine requires high rotational speed for its self-sustaining operation. In this case, APU is started by battery or hydraulic accumulator and then used to generate the necessary rotational speed. It is also used to run the equipment when the engines are shutdown. This is used for air conditioning for the passengers prior to engine start. However, it can also be connected to a hydraulic pump to power up hydraulic equipment (flaps and flight controls). (Wikipedia 2012) RAM AIR TURBINE (RAT) Ram Air Turbine is a small airflow driven turbine that is connected to either a hydraulic pump or an emergency alternator or a main generator. In normal flight, it is stowed away in closed compartment in wing or fuselage. It is deployed only when there is total power loss due to engine failures. It provides enough power to run the critical systems, such as, flight controls. The power generated by the RAT depends on the airspeed. More the speed, more the power generated will be. Some aircrafts use RAT in normal operation. For example, in crop dusting RAT is used to power up the chemical sprayer. (Wikipedia, 2012) BATTERY Aircraft batteries are used to start the engines or the APU. But they are also used in emergency situations as a last resort for safe landing. There have been cases where it has been used to restart the engines even after engine flame-out. They also act as a buffer for the DC connections. It regulates the voltage to ensure the power quality for the equipment connected to it. Two types of batteries are used in aircrafts today, Lead-acid and Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd). Lead-acid batteries are either valve regulated or vented. They are used in light and general aircrafts. Ni-Cd batteries are used in larger aircrafts. Lead-acid batteries are generally heavier and have less capacity than the Ni-Cd ones. (Dr. Thomas, 2010) Figure : Lead-Acid Battery (Chief Aircraft, 2012) Figure 4: Nickel-Cadmium Battery (Surplustraders.net, 2012) AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM USING FREQUENCY WILD AC GENERATOR From 1950s to early 1960s some turboprop aircrafts used frequency wild, now Variable Frequency (VF) system. Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner are some of the modern civil aviation aircrafts that have adopted the VF system again. Figure : Simplified Frequency Wild System (Scribd, 2012) CONSTRUCTION As shown in Fig.4, the Variable Frequency Generator (VFG) is directly connected to the engine gear box. (Langlois, 2004) states: VFG is a conventional wound rotor synchronous alternator. There is no CSD or IDG in this system. This is done so as to improve the reliability of the system and also to reduce the weight of the aircraft. Airbus A380 uses aluminium cables instead of copper for weight reduction. The system is also fully computerized. Contactors and Breakers have been replaced by solid-state devices for increased reliability and performance (Global Aircraft, 2012). OPERATION Frequency Wild AC power can only be supplied to the resistive circuits such as the electrical heater, engine de-icing heaters, windshield heating, etc. as shown in Fig. 4. The AC power generated is sent to the TRU where the voltage is stepped down from 360Hz-760Hz (Langlois, 2004) to 28V and then rectified to DC voltage. Then it is used by the DC components. CONTROL PROTECTION A traditional Constant Frequency unit has only a constant frequency of 400Hz voltage supply. A constant speed drive unit drives the generator. It is also expensive and not easy to maintain. A VFG is flexible as it can handle a range of frequencies rather than a constant one. In this unit, there is no CSD or IDG. It is more advantageous over Constant Frequency Unit because: It has low maintenance Long lifespan Cheaper Process temperature is controlled within VFG itself. Equipment protection from excess torque damage The variable frequency generator (VFG) is used on applications with a high percentage of resistive AC or DC loads and provides power to many of the next generation aircraft. Hamilton Sundstrands variable frequency starter generator (VFSG) and motor controller system provides main engine start and control. The voltage is controlled around the generator. This is done by controlling field strength of the AC generator by feedback signal from the voltage regulator, which keeps the voltage constant irrespective of the speed and load variations. VFGs are preferred over DC systems because they were much less affected by poor brush performance at higher altitudes and they had better power to weight ratio. AC/DC ELECTRIC MOTORS AND ACTUATORS PERFORMANCE DC actuators are typically high-speed reversible series-wound motors. Their output is converted to driving torque using step-down gearbox. These motor actuators are self-contained units, as they combine both electrical and mechanical devices. They can exert linear thrust over a short distance. AC MOTOR DC MOTOR

Retributive Justice Essay

Retributive justice is a very pronounced element in Charles Dickens’ novel, Oliver Twist. Common knowledge to the experienced reader, Dickens was a man of sarcasm, who played on words and had a very straightforward, honest way of writing, unlike most of his characters’ personalities. Oliver Twist, who led a twisted lifestyle as a young boy, was influenced by various people: some good, some bad. Like karma, Dickens made sure to give the dishonest, viciously cruel characters what they truly deserved, which may have been just about the only honest thing to happen in their lives. Some of these characters who were treated the way they treated others, or who got what they deserved, were Mr. Bumble, Bill Sikes, Monks, as well as Fagin. Without retributive justice being a key element in Dickens’ novel, its classic success in the world of literacy would be virtually non-existent. One of the novel’s characters, who is most present at the beginning of the story, was a victim of one of Dickens’ swift acts of retributive justice. Mr. Bumble was a self-absorbed, arrogant beadle, who thought rather highly of himself. He was a member of the workhouse in which Oliver was born. He was also a member of a Christian church, who preached about the moralities of Christians, yet bluntly contradicted himself with the manner in which he treated his paupers. He was cruel, the complete opposite of understanding, and showed absolutely no signs of compassion towards the people under his care. Dickens used his great understanding and knowledge in the use of name symbolism in the beadle’s name, â€Å"bumble†, to say that he stings like a bumblebee. Bumblebees may seem cute and fluffy on the outside, but when they sting, they hurt, much like Mr. Bumble’s personality. Dickens demonstrates Mr. Bumbles’ cold-hearted, stinging personality when h e says: Oliver fell to his knees, and clasping his hands together, prayed that they would order  him back to the dark room- that they would starve him- beat him- kill him if they pleased- rather than send him away with the dreadful man. Read more:  Essay About Justice Denied is Justice Delayed â€Å"Well!† said Mr. Bumble, raising his hands and eyes with most impressive solemnity. â€Å"Well! of all the artful and designing orphans that ever I see, Oliver, you are one of the most bare-facedest†. (Dickens 46) He received Dickens’ generous retributive justice when he ran away with Mrs. Corney, the matron of the workhouse, where Oliver was born. Mrs. Corney was basically in charge of the workhouse and put Mr. Bumble in his place when he entered. He decided to try to order the ladies around after seeing them chatting amongst each other and Mrs. Corney wanted none of it. She quickly dismissed his, self-declared power, in front of all the workers. â€Å"I’ll tell you what, Mr. Bumble,† returned his lady. â€Å"We don’t want any of your interference. You’re a great deal too fond of poking your nose into things that don’t concern you, making everybody in the house laugh the moment your back is turned, and making yourself loo k like a fool every hour in the day. Be off; come!†. (Dickens 324) This is an example of one of Dickens’ acts of retributive justice because Mr. Bumble – who’s used to having the authority and power that came with him being a beadle – was quickly and painfully taken away of the power he thought he had gained, by marrying Mrs. Corney. Another example of Dickens’ mischievous acts of retributive justice occurs to Bill Sikes. Sikes considered himself a â€Å"professional† burglar, which wouldn’t be so bad if being a burglar could be considered anything positive. He was brought up in Fagin’s gang and trained by Fagin, himself. Sikes is Nancy’s so-called, â€Å"lover†. He treats this young woman with a rather odd combination of cruelty and envious affection. Sikes gets the real sense of Dickens’ capabilities in his use of retributive justice after he brutally murders Nancy. While trying to avoid an angry mob of people, who have recently discovered that his identity is a match to Nancy’s murderer, he then accidentally hangs himself. Not only does his name imply that Sikes is somewhat psychotic, but he proves this to the readers. While attempting to evade the angry mob, he decides to climb up through buildings, rather than away. He ties a rope to swing to another roof-top, but mistakenly and regretfully hangs himself. Staggering as if struck by lightning, he lost his balance and tumbled over the parapet. The noose was on his neck. It ran up with his weight, tight as a bow-string and swift as the arrow speeds. He  fell for five-and-thirty feet. There was a sudden jerk, a terrific convulsion of the limbs; and there he hung, with the open knife clenched in his stiffening hand. (Dickens 453) Dickens couldn’t have used retributive justice any better. He literally allowed Sikes through his clever writing abilities get treated the way he treated another person. Although, Sikes’ death was somewhat more brutal than Nancy’s he could have easily prevented his own death, had he not chosen to take his â€Å"lover’s† life. Dickens’ didn’t just give the readers two scenes with acts of nemesis. On the contrary, he gave the readers numerous ones, some less apparent, dramatic or damaging than others, yet still present. One example of the less apparent demonstrations of Dickens’ power with retributive justice happened to Monks, whose formal name is Edward Leeford. Monks, who happens to be Oliver Twist’s half-brother through their father’s side, was awarded part of Mr. Leeford’s estate after his passing. Oliver was rightfully entitled to a portion of the estate, but on the condition that the family name’s reputation hadn’t gone wrong. Monks, by concealing Oliver’s true identity, along with his plan to give the young boy a bad reputation, prevented Oliver from being awarded his fair share. When Mr. Brownlow approached Monks about the will, Monks denied everything Mr. Brownlow had mentioned and stated the following sentence: â€Å"’I have n o brother,’ replied Monks. You know I was an only child. Why do you talk to me of my brother? You know that as well as I’† (Dickens 434). In the end though, with the help of Mr. Brownlow, Dickens permits Oliver to be awarded his share of the estate, by forcing Monks to give Oliver his share. A final act of nemesis, or retributive justice on Dickens’ part, occurs when Fagin is hanged for his crimes against the children he trained to be pickpockets and thieves. Fagin, who was a criminal by career, bought and sold, even traded stolen goods that the young children he had trained, stole. Fagin even stated: â€Å"Ah†¦ They- they’re mine, Oliver; my little poverty. All I have to live upon, in my old age. The folks call me a miser. Only a miser, that’s all† (Dickens 90). When Fagin said this, Dickens’ made sure that it was obvious to the reader that he was being very sarcastic. Towards the ending of the book – even though he had rarely committed the  crimes himself – Fagin is awarded his piece of justice that backfired with his previous statement, when he is hanged behind bars. In conclusion, Dickens was probably one of the greatest authors of all classic literature; not only for his novels and other pieces of literature, but also for the various ways he easily incorporated literary components: pathetic fallacy, verbal irony and sensory appeal. More particularly, his use of nemesis and retributive justice in his works such as this novel, Oliver Twist, is what made him such a great writer. From Mr. Bumble to Fagin and all other characters in between, like Monks and Sikes, Charles Dickens didn’t hold back any of his talents. This let the readers truly get involved in the reading of this novel and also keeping them from wanting to put the book down, until they had absorbed every last word of his clever and humoristic abilities.

Testing the Principle of Proxemics

I went to a Tim Horton set beside a woman. I set in a casual distance of 2. 5 to 3 feet next to her without talking. She looked at me and smile. Without talking I started observing her. She had a quick and careful glance at me, a suspicious look. She seemed scared and not normal. By looking at her face, I felt that probably she takes drugs. Without saying anything, she just walked out. The way she walked out, it seemed like she got scared of me for some reason. Next day I went to the same place and set facing a man who was alone.Without talking to that man I started reading the newspaper (just to show him that I am reading newspaper, actually I was observing him). He looked at me multiple times and was smiling. Seemed like he wanted to start a conversation. The goal of interview is to gather information which typically designed to allow the interviewer to learn about the interviewee in a non-threatening way. On the other side an interrogation is a more aggressive interview, in the se nse that the same ultimate goal is present as with an interview, but the means of reaching that goal take on a slightly different feel.The role of proxemics in meeting these goals are very significant. Increasing the amount of eye contact, the feeling of comfort and the amount of verbal response by the interviewee have been goals of investigators in designing interview situations. There is less eye contact at closer distances and less eye contact when the interview is conducted in a large room. In one study, when the interview was performed at distances between the interviewer and interviewee of 2 feet, 4'/z feet, and 9 feet, the greatest amount of talking by the interviewee occurred at 9 feet.Rapport always affects the quality of the interviewing process. It is a productive interpersonal climate. By building report both parties in an interview get along with each other which makes the interview more successful. An interviewee is more likely to cooperate with someone with whom they feel comfortable and to bring this comfort rapport is an essential thing. Rapport-building establishes harmony in the interview, leads to free discussion and creates willingness in the mind of the interviewee.Some forms of non-verbal communications for developing rapport are given bellow: 1. Smile 2. Eye contract. 3. Good Posture. 4. Tone of Voice Good eye contact and confidence are the personal qualities of the interviewer that enable him or her to conduct successful interrogations. Also an interviewer should be able to listen what the interviewee is saying, and know how to engage them in an active conversation with encouragement, energy, and interest.